英汉语中颜色动物的比喻

Chapter3Simile,MetaphorandAssociation1.Lead-in2.Definition3.SimileandMetaphoraboutcolors4.SimileandMetaphoraboutanimals1.Lead-in“你这个胆小鬼！”他轻蔑地看着汤姆道.“Youchicken！”hecried,lookingatTomwithcontempt．你这只鸡.≠有鹳鸟做客ThestorkvisitedtheHowardJohnsonyesterday．霍华德·约翰斯顿家昨天添了一个孩子.≠那个家伙简直象条泥瞅！你真熊！Youaresostupid!Heisasslipperyasaneel!Heisverycunning!Fromtheaboveexampleswecanseepeopleoftenconnectsomecharacterswithsomeobjectsandanimals.Lookingattheseobjectsandanimals,peoplemayoftenthinkofsomeassociation.Theassociationmaydifferfromcultures.That’ssimile,metaphorandtheirassociation.2.DefinitionWhatissimileandmetaphor?Asimileisastatedcomparisonbetweentwothingsthatreallyareverydifferent,butsharesomecommonelement.Similesareintroducedbytheuseof‘like’or‘as’.Ifyouweretosay“Johnrunslikethewindandisasstrongasanox,”youwouldbeusingsimiles.Youwouldbeindicatingcomparisonsbetweenjohn’sspeedandthespeedofthewind,andjohn’sstrengthandthestrengthofanox.simileOneimportantthingtorememberisthatstatementsthatcomparethingsthatareessentiallyalikearenotsimiles.Sentencessuchas“helookslikehisfather”or“heskatesaswellasIdo”arenotsimiles.Asimilerevealsasimilarqualityintwoelementsthatareotherwiseverydifferent.metaphorAmetaphor,likeasimile,isacomparison.Butinametaphor,thecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,“themusclesofhisbrawnyarmsareironbands”isametaphor.Youareusingmetaphorswhenyouspeakofwolfingyourlunch,actinginachicken-heartedmanner,monkeyingaround/about,orfeelingcocky.Inmetaphors,asinsimiles,thetwothingsbeingcomparedmustbeessentiallydifferent.3.SimileandMetaphoraboutcolors1.redRedisusuallyassociatedwithcelebrationsandjoyfuloccasions.ThisistrueinbothEnglish-speakingcountriesandChina.red-letterdays---daysthatareimportantormemorablebecausesth.Goodhappenedonit/holidaysandspecialdaysprintedinredoncalendars纪念日，喜庆的日子black-letterday:anunluckyday倒霉的一天InEnglishbeinthered/getsb.intothered---torunabusinessatalossornotmakeaprofit/causesb.toowemoneyNEXT…outof…topaintthetownred到酒吧或夜总会狂欢、痛饮---tocelebratewildlyortogoouttodrinkandhaveagoodtimetorollouttheredcarpetforsb.---togiveawarmwelcometosb.(铺展红地毯)隆重地欢迎某人e.g.HewasthefirstEuropeanheadofstatetovisittheircountry，andtheyrolledouttheredcarpetforhim．InChinese开门红tobeginwell;tomakeagoodstart脸色红润rosyface,flushruddywinvictoryinthefirstbattle/winspeedysuccessRedisalsousedtoexpresssomeemotions.Herfaceturnedred.Shebecamered-faced.toshowembarrassment脸红，不好意思,难为情红光满面---(one’sface)glowingwithhealth;inruddy(红润)health你红光满面Youlooksohealthyandfullofpep/energy.Youlooktheverypictureofhealthandenergy．Yourfaceisveryred.≠Inaddition,redisalsousedtosymbolizerevolutionandsocialismbothinEnglishandChinese,butinEnglish,ithasaderogatorysense.InChineseRed（大写R）isthesynonymofSocialistorRepublican.---white:反对共产主义的人红卫兵redguard又红又专---bothsocialist-mindedandprofessionallyqualified一颗红心---loyaltotheParty,havingsocialistvirtuesInEnglishe.g.Themerementionofhishatefulcousin’snamewaslikewavingaredraginfrontofhim.toseered使人生气,发怒---tobecomeveryangrye.g.Hercriticismwereenoughtomakeanyoneseered.towavearedrag做惹别人生气的事---tocausestrongresentment,anger,violence,etc.toseetheredflag知道危险或灾难降临redtape繁文缛节，官僚习气tocatchsb.red-handed当场抓住某人做坏事2.whiteTomostChineseandWesterners,whitehascertainsimilarconnotations,suchaspurity,innocence.Butitalsohasmanydifferentconnotations.WhitedressisthetraditionalcolorforbridesatwesternweddingsbutatraditionalcoloratfuneralsforChinese.Tohavewhiteatfuneralswouldbeoffensiveinwesterncountries.Theyhaveblackonthatoccasion.红白喜事weddingsandfuneralswhitewedding新娘穿白色礼服的婚礼(尤指在教堂举行的)Whenwearedoingtranslation,onethingweshouldrememberisthat‘白’isnotalways‘white’．InmanysituationsinChinese,‘白’isnotnecessarytobetranslated.---weddingatwhichthebridewearsawhitedress,esp.onethattakesplaceinthechurche.g.白菜Chinesecabbage白蚁termite白费事allinvain,awasteoftimeandenergy白送giveaway,freeofcharge,fornothing白开水plainboiledwater白肉plainboiledpork坦白toconfess,tomakeacleanbreastofsth.白痴idiot白话vernacularChinese/emptytalk白皙lightcomplexioned,blond苍白pale/bewhitewithsth.Somephraseswith‘white’:bewhitewithsth.e.g.Hewaswhitewithfury./illness.inblackandwhitee.g.Heisapersonwhosees/viewstheissueinblackandwhite.e.g.Mostoldfilmsweremadeinblackandwhite.inblackandwhitee.g.Iwantthecontractinblackandwhite.blackandwhite因情绪变化或生病而脸色苍白的黑白分明，是非分明电视照片等黑白的白纸黑字的，书写的或印刷的whitelie善意的谎言e.g.Inmanycaseswemayusewhitelieastheexcusetotelllie.Somephraseswith‘white’:tobleedsb.whitee.g.Theswindlersareplanningtobleedherwhitewiththetrick.toshowthewhitefeather:showfear,actinacowardlywaye.g.Shewentaswhiteasasheetwhensheheardthenews.aswhiteassnowe.g.anoldmanwithhairaswhiteassnowaswhiteasasheet榨取某人所有的钱财苍白的（因恐惧或震惊所至）雪白的，极白的whiteelephant:无价值又保管昂贵的东西3.blackBlackisoftenassociatedwithnegativequalities,suchasblacklist(黑名单),blackmarket(黑市),black-hearted(黑心的),ablack-letterday(倒霉的一天),blacksheep(害群之马，败家子),topaintsb.black(把某人描写成坏人),givesb.ablacklook恶狠狠地瞪某人一眼BACKInbusinessEnglish:intheblackinthered---runningabusinessprofitably亏损，负债,赤字赢利blacktea红茶Someotherphrases:beatsb.blackandblueasblackasink/pitch漆黑把某人打得青一块紫一块4.blueInEnglish,blueisoften