英语三大从句概述

三大从句概述I.简单句的基本结构：主语+谓语II.谓语动词的基本特征：1）唯一性2）能看出时间III.什么是从句？“从”说明其地位并不是特别的重要，往往不是一个句子最核心的部分。尤其是状语从句和定语从句。如Hegothomewhenhisfathercalledhim.HelostthebookwhichIboughthimlastweek.Hesaidthatthebookbelongedtohisgrandpa.“句”说明它们与正常的简单句一样有着自己的主语和谓语，是一个完整的有意义的句子。主语在前，谓语在后，即所谓的“陈述句语序”.如Thisisthemuseumwhichwepaidavisitlastsummer.Hegotmissingwhilehewaswalkingintheforest.MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadusedhercar.从句的分类：状语从句定语从句主语从句宾语从句名词性从句表语从句同位语从句三大从句的共同特点：1.结构类似---引导词+主谓结构2.状语从句和定语从句都属于修饰成分，所以可以去掉。3.陈述句语序性质功能引导词定语从句形容词定语（描述某物、某事或某人的特征或者状态）that,which,as,whose,who,whom,where,when,why状语从句副词状语（描述动作发生的方式、时间、地点等等等等）when,while,because,assoonas,unless,until,before,after……名词性从句名词主语、宾语、表语、同位语所有的疑问词，以及that,if,whether判断从句引导词+主语+谓语1.寻找谓语动词2.寻找引导词Hegothomewhenhisfathercalledhim.HelostthebookwhichIboughthimlastweek.Hesaidthatthebookbelongedtohisgrandpa定语从句性质：等同于形容词aninterestingbook=abookwhichisinterestingasadgirl=agirlwhoissadaflyingkite=akitewhichisflying功能：描述某物或某人的特征（如上面的三个例子）描述某事特征，如Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.ChangjiangisthelongestriverinChina,asisknowntoeverybody.Asyouknow,watchingtoomuchTVmightdoharmtochildren’seyes.考查热点：1.介词提前（介词+which，介词+where，介词+whom）Ifyouwanttochallengeyourself,youcanclimbontothetopofthemountain,fromwhereyoucanhaveagoodviewofthewholecity.Wegot12goldmedals,8ofwhichwerewonbywomenathletes.2.只能使用that的情况（不定代词+定语从句，最高级修饰名词+定语从句，thevery/theonly修饰名词+定语从句）Thispassageistheonlywaythatleadstothetoilet.Heistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.3.way后接定语从句（that或inwhich或者省略）如：我不喜欢喜欢你跟王老师说话的样子。Idon’tliketheway__________youtalktoMr.Wang.你能告诉我他们解决问题的方法吗？Canyoutellmetheway__________theysolvedtheproblem?4.point,case,situation,stage,occasion连接where所引导的定语从句。如Wearenowinastagewherewehavenorightsatall.Helpwillbeofferedincertaincaseswherepeoplefindithardtoraiseenoughmoney.DuringtheSpringFestival,therearesomeoccasionswherepeoplesendbestwishestofriendsandrelatives.5.只有缺少状语的时候才会用where,when,why引导定语从句。如Istillrememberthedays______wespenttogether.Thispathleadstothehouse______wevisitedyesterday.6.as引导的定语从句，常见于asyouknow,asisknownto…,ashasbeenexpected,asisreported…..Theseawillbecometerriblyroughwhenthereisatyphoon,asisknowntoallofus.36peoplelosttheirlivesinthataccident,ashasbeenreportedonTV.状语从句：性质：副词功能：描述动作发生的环境、状态，或让步假设等Therainpoureddownwhenwestartedthepicnic.Grassgrowsverywellwhereverthereissunshine.Herefusedtotellthetruth,nomatterhowhardwebeggedhimto.Pleaseremovethosebrickswhicharetoooldwhennecessary.引导词：不同的功能下会有不同的引导词，繁多但易于记忆，不是难点。考点：1.状语从句中用一般式表示将来。如：Mr.Zhangwillcometohisparents’rescuewhenevertheygetintrouble.Thebirdwon’tflyawayunlessyouopenthecage.2.so…that结构的倒装（仅仅只是发生在主句，状语从句中不倒装）如：Thefoodwassodeliciousthatweateituplikehungrywolves.---Sodeliciouswasthefoodthatweateituplikehungrywolves.3.“nomatter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句=“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句Nomatterhowmuchmoneyhemakes,hewon’tshareitwithhisfamily.=Howevermuchmoneyhemakes,hewon’tshareitwithhisfamily.Nomatterwhereyouare,youwon’tforgetyourmothertongue.=Whereveryouare,youwon’tforgetyourmothertongue.名词性从句性质：名词性分类依据-----从句在整个大句子中充当什么成分WhatIlikethemostisreading.ReadingiswhatIlikethemost.Hedon’tcarewhatIlikethemost.Reading,whatIlikethemost,isnowbecomingmuchmorepopularwiththeinventionofe-books.引导词：最为广泛，所有的疑问词，以及that，if，whether考查热点：1.引导词的选择依据：从句中缺少什么信息就使用什么引导词易错——what？which？where？what？who？Sanxi,_______ismyhometown,isabitfarfromYangxin.Fewpeoplewouldliketobeteachers,_______isnowahardjob.whatwhat分析下列从句的引导词，你知道他们各自在从句里所充当的是什么成分吗？Whathesaysisnotright.Whatmakesmehappyisyourarrival.Idon’tknowwhatkindofpersonheis.Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.TherearesomanybooksonthedeskthatIdon’tknowwhich（one）Ishouldchoose.Heisonlongerwhohewas.Canyoutellmewhobuiltthistower?Pleasetellmewhomheistalkingtonow.Whenwewillholdthemeetingisasecret.Wherewewillholdthemeetingisasecret.Howwewillcooperatewiththemisstillbeingunderdiscussion.Howoldheisisnotaquestionnow.Doyouknowhowmanybooksthereareinthebox?What在从句里做主语、宾语、定语、表语which定，主、宾或表，最重要的是必须表示“其中之一”who在从句里做主语，表语，或宾语whom在从句里做宾语when时间状语where地点状语how方式状语或表示程度分析下列从句中that和if/whether，它们在从句中充当了一定的句子成分没有？它们有没有具体的含义呢？HetoldmethathewasborninShanghai.Itiswell-knownthathewritesabookabouttheuniverse.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldfinishourhomeworkimmediately.Thefactthathewasathiefsurprisedeveryone.Whetherheisathiefremainsaquestion.HeaskedmeifIlovedfootball.Myquestioniswhetheryouwillholdthemeetinginourschool.Hisquestionwhetherthemeetingwouldbeheldinourschoolwasverysilly.That在从句中不充当任何成分，也不具备任何含义If在从句中也不充当任何成分，表示的意思是“是否”2.whatever既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句nomatterwhat只能引导让步状语从句类似的还有however,wherever,whenever等等等等如：无论我在哪里，我都不会忘记那些和爷爷奶奶一起度过的日子。WhereverIam/NomatterwhereIam,Iwon’tforgetthedaysIspentwithmygrandparents.他不相信我说的任何话。Hewon’tbelievewhateverIsay.3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别定语从句：描述人、物、事的特征或者状态同位语从句：说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句与定语从句前都有名词，但是它们在表意功能上是绝然不同的：Thefactthatheisathiefsurprisesallofus.Fact,whichshouldhavesomeevidencetosupport,ismorepersuasivethanopinions.Thenewsthatiswidelyspreadingamongusisabouthismother’sillness.Ihaveknownthenewsthathismotherisseriouslyill.ThequestionthatisoftenaskedbymostChinesepeopleis“Haveyouhadbreakf