英语句子类型

句子类型•句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Keepsilent,please.Don’ttalkinclass.Tom,don’twasteyourtime!4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!=Whatacleverboy!Howbeautifulthedressis!=Whatabeautifuldress!Whatafineday!2、按句子的结构分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。HeoftenreadsEnglish.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.•句子成分包括：主、谓、宾、表、定、状•主语：是一个句子中所要表达描述的对象，可以是名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、短语、从句等。•Thehouseisbig.•Youarestudents.•Twoisthesecondnumber.•谓语：用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语一般是动词，放在主语的后面。（有时态、人称等变化）•Wecometoschoolfivedaysaweek.•Ihavehomeworktodotoday.•Annekeptadiary.•Doesheworkhardeveryday?•Iwillgototheparttomorrow.•宾语：谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，一般放在谓语后面。•Jimlikesfootballverymuch.•Hegavemeabook.•WecallherAnne.•IfinditdifficulttostayawakewhenI’mreallysleepy.•表语：用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。•Youareastudent.•Marylooksprettyinred.玛丽穿红色衣服很好看。•Thechickensmellstasty.鸡肉闻起来很香。•Westayfriendsformanyyears.我们是多年的好友了。•常见的系动词：•be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)•remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等•become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),get(变得)等•定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。•Shelikesredcoatsbest.她最喜欢红色的外套。•thecoatsthatshelikesbest她最喜欢的外套•状语•说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果方式、条件或伴随情况、程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词、短语以及从句来担任。•Iworkhardinmyroomfrom7:00to9:00,readingandwriting,inordertobetterunderstandmylessons.简单句的五种基本句型：一、主语＋不及物动词Springiscoming.Thisfactoryopenedin1989.二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语Shehasboughtanewhouse.三、主语＋连系动词＋表语Shelookedworried.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachersintheschool.四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（双宾语结构）Myfatherboughtmealotofbooks.Myteachergaveustwoclassestoday.SheshowsTomhernewpen.JohnpassestheballtoTim.五、主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语Theymadehimtheirmonitor.Weconsiderhimverycapable.TheycallherAnne.句子成份练习1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Thesunkeepsuswarm.6、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.7、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.状语表语间语+直宾宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补8.Ithinkitdifficulttofinishtheworkthismorning.9.Thereseemslittlehopesofsuccess.10、Toourjoy,theyarrivedsafe.11、Thefactisveryclearthatourteamwillwinthegame.12.Aftergraduationhewillworkwherehecamefrom.宾语+宾补主语状语同位语状语Exercises把下列句子译成英语，并指出各属于哪种基本句型。1.这些花闻起来很香。Theseflowerssmellgood.2.这里夏天经常下雨。Italwaysrainshereinsummer.主＋系＋表主＋不及物动Exercises3.李平逗得婴儿笑起来了。LiPingmadethebabybegintolaugh.4.刚才她给了我一些墨水。Justnowshegavemesomeink.主＋及物动＋间宾＋直宾主＋及物动＋宾＋宾补1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.----Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe?----____.A.Yes,heisn’tB.No,heisn’tC.No,heisD.Heis3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan4.Letuspass,____?A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou5.Isupposeheisn’tserious,____?A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.A.Henryhasn’ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.ForC.whileD.so11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I’dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so补充：therebe句型：A.therebe结构中的be可运用各种时态。1.今晚有个会议。Thereisgoingtobe/willbeameetingtonight.2.有个女孩一直在等你。Therehasbeenagirlwaitingforyou.3.你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。Therehadbeenmanysuchaccidentsbeforeyoucame.B.Therebe结构变形。1.Thereused/seem/happen/appeartobe…1).看来没人愿意帮忙。Thereappearedtobenobodywillingtohelp.2).过去这儿有一座楼房。Thereusedtobeabuildinghere.3).碰巧有个人在此经过。Therehappenedtobeamanwalkingby.4).好象没有太大的希望。Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchhope.B.Therebe结构变形。2.在therebe的be前还可以加上各种情态动词.1).一定有问题。Theremustbesomethingwrong.2).不应该有这么多的人。Thereoughtnottobesomanypeople.3).可能还有点希望。Theremightstillbehope.C.“therebe”结构中的特殊动词：1.除用动词be之外，还可以用和be意义相近的其他动词：live,exist,stand,lie,occur,come,follow,remain等。1).很久很久以前，有一个国王。Long,longago,therelivedaking.2).然后有人敲门。Thentherecameaknockatthedoor.3).然后是传来了可怕的声音。Therefollowedaterriblenoise.4).突然进来了一个奇怪的人。Suddenlythereenteredastrangeman.D.“therebe”的特殊的表达方式1.Thereisnosenseindoing做某事是没有意义的Thereisnosenseinmakinghimangry.跟他生气是没有用的。2.Thereisnouse/gooddoing做某事是没有用的Thereisnogood/usegoingthere.去那儿是没有好处的。3.Thereisnoneedtodo没有必要做某事Thereisnoneedtogivehimsomuchmoney.根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。