成人英语三级(语法重点串讲)

1582055467406第1页共10页北京地区成人高等教育大学英语三级考试语法重点串讲第六节从句一、定语从句在复合句中起定语作用的从句（每年至少考2题）(一)基本介绍A.由5个关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导的ThecompanyofficialwhomIthoughtwouldbefiredreceivedaraise.Theinvestigation,whoseresultswillsoonbepublished,wasmadebyJohn.34.Donottrustsuchmenoftenliketopraiseyoutoyourface.A.whoB.thatC.asD.they(C,0404)B.由3个关系副词when,where,why引导的1、Thetimewillcomewhenmancanflytoouterspacefreely.54、Iwillneverforgetthetenyears____webothspentinthelittlevillage.A.whenB.duringwhichC.whichD.inwhich(A,2001)65.Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwhichtheysawmanynewproducts.答：C，改为where。定语从句。(0304)26.Ofthose_____hadappliedforthejobs,onlytwowereaccepted.A.personsB.thatC.whoD.which(C,0304)C.as和but有时可以引导定语从句：as引导的定语从句多和such或some连用Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.像你说的这种人现在很少Ihavethesameproblemasyou(have).34.Donottrustsuchmenoftenliketopraiseyoutoyourface.A.whoB.thatC.asD.they(C,0404)but引导的定语从句，实际意义等于whonot或thatnotThereisnooneofusbutwishestogo.我们没有人不愿意去(二)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(至少各考1道题)1、限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事物,从句与主句间没有逗号，从句不能去掉,否则剩下的部分意义不完整或表意不清,不能说明问题Thesewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnamehere.谁想去请在这里签名ThisistheplacewhereIworkedfor10years.2、非限定定语从句只对所修饰的词作一步的说明，与主句之间用逗号分开，去掉后所剩部分仍能成立，意义完整。ThisnotewasleftbyMary,whowashereamomentago.IamgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinDalian,whereIhavesomerelatives.另外，两种从句表示的意义差别较大Thewinewhich/thatwasinthecellarwasallrained.藏在地窖的酒坏了(部分酒,限)Thewine,whichwasinthecellar,wasallrained.酒藏在地窖里，都坏了(全部酒,非限)1582055467406第2页共10页Hewillwearnoclothesthatwilldistinguishhimfromhisfellowcolleagues.他不会穿那种让其他人很容易把他和他同事区分开的衣服Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwilldistinguishhimfromhisfellowcolleagues.他将一丝不挂,为让其他人容易把他和他同事分开IhaveasisterwholivesinTaiwan.我有一个住在台湾的姐姐Ihaveasister,wholivesinTaiwan.我有一个姐姐，她住在台湾*使用定语从句需要注意的问题：①which和that都可以指代事物引导定语从句，但如果先行词有限定词all,any,every,(a)few,no,only,some,very或序数词、形容词最高级修饰，其后的关系代词只能用that:Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavemetMary.ThisistheveryfilmthatIwanttosee.very就是…个②关系代词前有介词的情况，主要体现在which和whom这两个关系代词Thesearethefactsonwhichmyargumentisbased.(base…on把…建立在…基础上)Themantowhomwehandedtheformsoutthattheyhadnotbeenproperlyfilledin.(tohandtosb.把…交给)31.Beforejoiningthearmy,hespentalotoftimeinthevillage_____hebelonged.A.towhichB.whichC.towhereD.atwhich答：A。belongto：属于。因此选towhich。(2001)55.Thegrass______manyanimalsliveisabundanthere.[A]bywhich[B]withwhich[C]onwhich[D]ofwhich答：C。liveon：靠…生活。选onwhich。(0304)53.Theseventeenthcenturywasonewhichmanysignificantadvancesweremadeinbothscienceandphilosophy.答：A。改为inwhich。在某个世纪用in(0311)19.ThisisthedictionaryIdependalotwheneverIhaveproblemswithnewwords.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.forwhich(C,dependon,0404)③在②形式上有时介词前还会有形容词最高级、数词、most、all、none等词，用ofwhichChinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.答：B。改为：twoofwhich。非限定性定语从句，which在从句中指fiftystates。(2000)46.TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoof__areseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.[A]them[B]that[C]which[D]those(C,0304)17.Thewriterhaspublishedmanybooks,arewellreceivedbythereaders.A.noneofwhomB.allofwhichC.neitherofwhoD.oneofwhich(B,0404)1582055467406第3页共10页句子或句子的一部分也可以作先行，换句话说，定语从句也可以修饰前面整个一句话或半句话，这种情况下只能出现非限制性定语从句Someoftheroadswereflooded,whichmadeourjourney,moredifficult.Themeetinghasbeenputoff,whichiswhatwewant.Hesaidhehadnobike,whichwasnottrue.④关系代词后的数和人称要和先行词一致，它的格则取决于它在句子中所充当的成分。45.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_____onthesubject.(2000)A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.whichhaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.whateverhavebeenwritten答：A。因为先行词是复数，而且有形容词的最高级修饰，只能选that。31.Anoldfriendfromabroad,_____Iwasexpectingtostaywith,telephonedmefromtheairport.A.thatB.whomC.whoD.which答：B.whom。关系代词，在定语从句中做with的宾语，指人。(2000)67.WhenshecamebackfromHollywood,shewantedtotelleverybodyaboutallthestarsandexcitingpeoplewhoshehadseen.答：D。改为whom或直接删除。(0304)⑤关系代词whose既可指人，有时也可以指物。代物时，相当于ofwhich。近几年这类题出现较多Idon’twanttorentthehousewhosewindowsarebroken.55.Theexperiment,_____willsoonbeannounced,wasdonebymycolleagues.A.whoseresultsB.theresultsonwhichC.atwhichtheresultsD.ofwhoseresults答：A。定语从句。关系代词whose在从句中做results的定语(2001)二、让步状语从句①由though,although引导Nogoalswerescoredthoughitwasanexcitinggame.②由eventhough(=evenif)引导Shewillnotrevealthesecreteventhough(if)sheknows.③由whether…or…引导(“不管”)Whether(sheis)sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.Itistruth,whetheryoubelieveitornot.Healwayslosesinanargumentwhetherheisrightorwrong.④由nomatter+wh词（或how）引导(“不管”)，注意从句中的词序Nomatterwhoyouare,youhavenorighttodosuchathing.Nomatterwhichsidewine,Ishallbeverysatisfied.Nomatterhowmuchsheeats,shenevergetsfat.Nomatterwhatjobyoudo,doitwell.Nomatterwhereyoulive,youmustgetthereontime.1582055467406第4页共10页⑤由wh词+even引导(“不管”)，注意同第④项句式的区别Whoeveryouare,youhavenorighttodosuchathing.54.Nomatterwhateverhappens,we’redeterminedtodoourbestandmaketheexperimentasuccess.答：A。改为whathappen，前面已经有nomatter。(0311)⑥由as引导(“仅管”)，通常把被强调的形容词或副词放在句首(或称倒装)Busyasshewas,shemanagedtocometothemeeting.(形容词)44.atHarvard,hebeganagaintowritehisessay.(C,0411)A.BusywasasheB.BusywasasheC.BusyashewasD.AswashebusyMuchasIwouldliketohelp,Ihaveotherwork.(副词)44.Young_____heis,heknows