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TranslationCET-4题型分析CET-4•首先,一定要明确新四级中翻译考什么?核心考点是什么?通过对样题以及实考试题的分析,翻译题型有三大考点:•1.固定搭配考点:这是翻译中的最为核心的考点,也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点,应该引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配,形容词与名词搭配,动词与副词的修饰关系,名词与介词搭配,更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达,这些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。•例1:Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely______________________________(把孩子的成功归因于)naturaltalent.•【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点:1)belikelytodosth;2)owe…to/attribute…to(把…归因于)CET-4•2.核心语法考点:这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移,核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气,其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。•例1:Theprofessorrequiredthat___________(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.•【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从句的时候,一定会虚拟语气,语法结构为requirethat+sb+should+动词原形。CET-4•例2:Notonly_____________________(他向我收费过高),buthedidn’tdoagoodrepairjobeither(大纲样题)•【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Notonly决定了倒装连接,下文用了过去时态,因此,这里需在he之前加did。所以答案应该为didheoverchargeme。CET-4•3.核心动词以及动词短语的考查。•例1:Thoughaskilledworker,____________________(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.•【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有dismiss,discharge,fire等。从新四级考试开始,由考查英译汉转变为考查汉译英。汉译英试题占总分的5%,属于考生应该争取拿分的基础题。因为这一题型说为翻译,实为补全句子,考查的是语法结构和词组运用知识。较其他可能出现的主观题而言,汉译英题目相对简单,无非是五个难度中等的词组或从句的英语表达。汉译英命题涉及四级水平学生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。对考生而言,选择正确的词形和句型将会是更大的挑战。汉译英主要考查学生以下能力“:1.形容词比较级/最高级,倍数2.虚拟语气3.非谓语4.名词性从句5.句型6.倒装句7.短语搭配形容词比较级/最高级,倍数1.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_________________________________________________________________________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).2.Themoreyouexplain,______________________________(我愈糊涂)3.Becauseoftherisingcost,wespent_______________________________________(两倍的钱)ontheprojectashadbeenplanned.nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreadingthemoreconfusedIget/become/amtwiceasmuchmoney形容词比较级/最高级,倍数4.Itisreportedthattraffic__________________________________(造成的死亡是战争的4倍)andfarmorepeoplecommitsuicidethanaremurdered..5.Theresearchconcludesthatthemoretimechildrenspendwatchingtelevision,______________________________________________________________________________(他们的学习成绩就越差).kills4timesasmanypeopleaswarsthepoorertheyperformacademically/Theworsetheiracademicperformancesare考点1.比较级+than2.the+比较级+主谓结构,the+比较级+主谓结构3.倍数的表示方法:1).倍数+asadj./adv.(+n.)as2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级(+n.)than3).倍数+thewidth,length,sizeofEg.Theearthis49timesaslargeasthemoon.Theearthis49timeslargerthanthemoon.Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.虚拟语气1.Thevictim___________________________________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.2.Theprofessorrequiredthat_____________________________________(我们交研究报告)3.Amorecarefulsecretary_______________________________________(就不会犯这样明显的错误).4.They_________________________________________________________________________(一定是赶不上火车),otherwisetheyshouldhavearrivedheretwohoursago.wouldhavehadachancetosurvivewehandinourresearchreportscouldnothavecaughtthetrain/musthavemissedthetrainwouldn’thavemadesuchanobviousmistake虚拟语气5.Ifwehadsetoutearlier,we_______________________________________(就不会在雨中行走).6._______________________________________(要不是因为我生病了),Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.7.Butforhiswife’shelp,he_______________________________________(是不会成功的).wouldnothavesucceededHaditnotbeenformyillness(Butformyillness)wouldn’thavewalkedintherain14虚拟语气定义虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达:a.非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。b.与客观事实相反地情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上,表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显得标志。具体考点如下:(一):if句型(共有三种句型)分类条件从句主句1.表示与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词2.同现在事实相反的假设一般过去时should(would)+动词原形3.表示对将来的假想一般过去时were+不定式should+动词原形should(would)+动词原形1.与现在的事实相反:IfIwereBillGates,Iwouldnotworksohardeveryday.2.与过去的事实相反Ifithadnotrainedsohardyesterdaywecouldhaveplayedtennis.3.与将来的事实相反:Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould(could,might)besaved.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。Eg.Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现由if引导的条件句,而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。如:without,butfor,otherwise,or,butthat,given,provided,supposing,wereitnotfor等等。Eg.Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastnight.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhimIwouldhavehungyoubutthetelephonewasoutoforder.(二):wish,ifonly,wouldrather,asif,asthough句型其谓语部分有时态变化:1.表示对现在情况虚拟时,动词用一般过去时;2.对过去的情况进行虚拟时,动词用“过去完成时”.1.wish,wouldrather,wouldprefer(宁可,宁愿)后的宾语从句。如:Hewishedhehadneverbeeninvolvedinsuchaffairs.Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.2.asif,asthough引导的从句。如:Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewasaman.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.3.由ifonly(要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。如:IfonlyIhadpassedthetest!Ifonlyitstoppedraining!(三):在强制性语气的宾语从句中即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词+that+(should)+动词原形,其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括:suggest,propose,recommend,demand,order,command,desire,require,insist,advise,determine,prefer,move(动议,规定),direct(命令),decide,ask.Eg.Isuggestthatyou(should)notbelateagainnexttime.Ipreferthatyou(shou
本文标题:翻译语法讲解
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