Unit 4 Text 1 A view of Mountains_综合英语(4)

Text1AViewofMountainsUnit4Text1AviewofMountainsAtomicBombDetonationatHiroshimaAsmanyknow,theatomicbombhasbeenusedonlytwiceinwarfare.ThefirstwasatHiroshima.AuraniumbombnicknamedLittleBoy(despiteweighinginatoverfourandahalftons)wasdroppedonHiroshimaAugust6,1945.TheAioiBridge,oneof81bridgesconnectingtheseven-brancheddeltaoftheOtaRiver,wasthetarget;groundzerowassetat1,980feet.At0815hours,thebombwasdroppedfromtheEnolaGay.Itmissedbyonly800feet.At0816hours,inaninstant,66,000peoplewerekilledand69,000injuredbya10-kilotonatomicexplosion.Theareaoftotalvaporizationfromtheatomicbombblastmeasuredonehalfmileindiameter;totaldestructiononemileindiameter;severeblastdamageasmuchastwomilesindiameter.Withinadiameteroftwoandahalfmiles,everythingflammableburned.Theremainingareaoftheblastzonewasriddledwithseriousblazesthatstretchedouttothefinaledgeatalittleoverthreemilesindiameter.Thehypocenter--EntrancetoShimaHospitalShimomuraJewelersLocation:Harimaya-cho(now,Hondori)Distancefromhypocenter（震源）:approx.620mEstablishedin1873,ShimomuraJewelersbuiltthisnewstorein1928.Oneofthefirststorestobeconstructedofferro-concrete,itsclocktowerwithclocksonallfoursideswaseye-catching.However,sincethestructurelackedinternalsupportpillars,thesidewallsgavewayundertheatomicblast.Thesecondfloorandclocktowerremainederectonthepulverizedfirstfloor,asifsittingonanincline.HiroshimaGasCompanyHiroshimaPrefecturalIndustrialPromotionHallHistoricalsitesdestroyedAstillstandingtorii(牌坊),brokentorii,apairofstonelanternsleaningindifferentdirections,theshrine（神殿）hallburnedtotheground,thecastlekeeptoppled.WhenIcameclosetothecastlekeep,lessthanonekilometerfromthehypocenter,Iwasastonishedbyasightthatdidn'tmakesense.Apileoflumberhadsomehowremainedunburned.Iwonderifthethickplasterwallshadprotecteditfromtheheatrays.AnsweredShigeoHayashiAtomicBombDetonationatNagasakiOnAugust9,1945,Nagasakifelltothesametreatment.ThistimeaPlutonium(环弹)bombnicknamedFatManwasdroppedonthecity.ThoughFatManmisseditstargetbyoveramileandahalf,itstilllevelednearlyhalfthecity.Inasplitsecond,Nagasaki'spopulationdroppedfrom422,000to383,000.Over25,000peoplewereinjured.JapanofferedtosurrenderonAugust10,1945.NOTE:Physicistswhohavestudiedthesetwoatomicexplosionsestimatethatthebombsutilizedonly1/10thof1percentoftheirrespectiveexplosivecapabilities.ThemushroomcloudseenfromanAmericanaircraftNagasakithreedaysaftertheatomicbombingNagasakitwodaysbeforetheatomicbombingNagasaki-typeAtomicBomb“Fatman”TheNagasakiatomicbombwasnicknamed“Fatman”becauseofitsshape.TheTNTimplodesonthecoreofplutonium,causingnuclearfission（分裂）.YosukeYamahataphotographerTextAnanlysis•MainIdeaofthetextInthisargumentativeessay,theauthorshowsussomeofYamahata’spicturesoftheNagasakidestroyedhalfacenturyago,andtelluswhatweshoulddoaboutthenuclearperilexistingtoday.StructuralAnalysis•PartI(Para1)thewriterputsforwardhisthesis:aviewofmountainsinthebackgroundsuggeststherealextenttowhichthecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbombing.•PartII(Para2-3)theauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshimaandthatweneedtotakeactionstodispelnuclearthreatfromtheEarth.•PartIII(Para4)thewritercallsonustotaketheresponsibilityofcreatingasaferworldfornewgenerations.PartIQuestions•WhydoestheauthorthinkthatYamahata’spicturescomposethefullestrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence?•Whydoestheauthorparticularlymention“aviewofmountains”inoneofthepictures?Photos·…picturesshowcorpsescharredinthepeculiarwayinwhichanuclearfireballcharsitsvictims…•…theirbodiesareoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes,whoseclothesabsorblightindifferentdegrees.•Anothershowsaheapofsomethingthatoncehadbeenhumanbeinghangingoveraledgeintoaditch.•Onephotographshowsahorsetwistedunderthecartithadbeenpulling.LanguageAnalysisDispatch:Vt.(1)sendofftoadestinatione.g.Amessengerwasdispatchedtotakethenewstothesoldiersatthefront.一名通讯员被派去给前线士兵送消息。Thegovernmentwaspreparingtodispatch2000soldierstosearchtheisland.(2)infmltofinish(esp.food)quicklye.g.wesoondispatchedthechocolatecake.我们很快就吃完了巧克力蛋糕。n.amessagecarriedbyagovernmentofficial,orsenttoanewspaperbyoneofitswriters.Tosend/carryadispatchfromRometoLondon从罗马向伦敦发电讯稿；把急件从罗马送到伦敦Constitute:compose,forme.g.FiftystatesconstitutetheUSA.Compare:Comprise,compose,consist,constituteCompose:组成部分+整体England,Scotland,andWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.Constitute:组成部分+整体（有时构成一种同等关系）England,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernconstitutetheUnitesKingdom.Thisconstitutesarealproblem.(=Thisisarealproblem.)Comprise:整体+组成部分或组成部分+整体Thecommitteecomprisestenpersons.Eighteendepartmentscomprisethefamousuniversity.Consist(vi.):整体+组成部分Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.Brandvt.(1)labelormarkwithorasifwithabrande.g.Thecattlearebrandedwiththefarmer’sinitials.这个农民给他的牛烙上了自己姓名的首字母。(2)Tomarkwithdisgraceorinfamy;stigmatize.It’sunfairtobrandallfootballsupportersastroublemakers.给所有球迷都加上闹事者的污名是不公平的(3)ToimpressfirmlyImageryofthewarhasbrandeditselfintothenationalconsciousness.战争的印象深深地铭刻在人民的脑海里Hisunhappychildhoodhasbrandedhimfor