低压管道输水节水灌溉技术发展综述

,252,20073[](1978),,,,低压管道输水节水灌溉技术发展综述梁春玲1,刘群昌2,王韶华1(1.,100022;2.,100044)[]简要总结低压管道输水灌溉的优点,通过分析国内外该项技术的发展及经验,提出了当前我国所存在的问题,指出了今后发展的趋势或领域,以期为该项技术的进一步推广应用提供借鉴[]农业灌溉;节水技术;低压管道[]S27[]A[]10039511(2007)020051021,1370%;,053hm2,04,60%,08,,01,400m3[1],,2,,,,,2.1,,,095~097,,30%5%~15%;,,,,600m3/hm2,45%[1],7%,15%[2]2.2,1%~2%1%,,,,01hm2,,,,2.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.4,,,30%;,,,;,,75~90,2a;600~900,,20%[2]2.5,,51网上投稿信箱:[e-mail]网址:http:!电话:[phone];,,;,2080,,,,[3]33.1,,[45],(CVWD)(SRP),,,,,,,,,,,,,2080,[5],,35%~60%75%,,33%:,;,,3m;;,,3.22050,2080,,∀#,,,520hm2[6]∀#,2003,448hm2,25,,:∃,,%,&,∋,4795%[6]44.1,,6:∃2080,,%,,&,,,∋((下转第69页)52网上投稿信箱:[e-mail]网址:http:!电话:[phone],,,,)∗,,,,,,,,,[][1].[EB/OL].[20040711][20060925][2].2003[EB/OL].[20040420][20060925][3].∀#[N].,20060517(11).[4].,,[C/OL].[20051025](:20060925:)(上接第52页),90%,+,,,,4.2,,5:∃,,%,;,,&,,,∋,,(,[7]5,,1/4,3/4,,,,,,,[][1].[EB/OL].[20030708].=2.[2],.[C]//,,..:,2000:187.[3].[J].,2000(8):3840.[4].[J].,2003(1):3537.[5].[J].,2004(1):2030.[6].[C]//,,..:,2000:156161.(:20060926:)69网上投稿信箱:[e-mail]网址:http:!电话:[phone]dents,andtheinnovationofwaterprice,managementmeasuresandwatersavingsystemishelpfultothesolutiontotheshortageofwaterdemandofurbanresidents.Keywords:waterprice;mathematicalmodel;predictionofwaterdemandAnalysisofchangelawofwaterconsumptioninGuangzhouCity/WANGYan,etal(SchoolofCivilEngineering,GuangzhouUniversity,Guangzhou510006,China)Abstract:CombinedwiththeresultsofempiricaldispatchingmodesinGuangzhouCity,thechangelawaswellasitsinternalandexternalfactorsofwaterconsumptionisanalyzedfromthemacroscopicviewpoint.Thechangelawofwaterconsumptionondifferentfestivalsandholidaysandatdifferentworkperiodsisanalyzed.Itwillprovidebasisfortheoptimumdispatchingsoastoreachthegoalofsavingenergysourcesandraisingproductionandeconomicbenefits.Keywords:changelawofwaterconsumption;factor;festivalandholiday;analysisofwaterconsumptionNecessityofestablishmentofwaterbankforthemiddlerouteofSouthtoNorthWaterTransferProject/ZHANGYu,etal(SchoolofUrbanandEnvironmentalSciences,NortheastNormalUniversity,Changchun130024,China)Abstract:WithregardtothesituationofthemiddlerouteofSouthtoNorthWaterTransferProject,thatis,largescope,manyusers,nonuniformspatiotemporaldistributionofwaterresourcesandlargeperiodicchangeofhydrology,thenecessityofestablishmentofwaterbankforthemiddlerouteofSouthtoNorthWaterTransferProjectisanalyzedbyuseofthesuccessfulexperiencefromwatertransferprojectsinCaliforniaofUSA.Efficientdispatchingmodesandadvancedmanagementsystemofwaterresourcesareneeded.Keywords:waterbankinCalifornia;SouthtoNorthWaterTransferProject;circulationofwaterrightWaterrightconflictsofundergroundwaterandtheircoordinationmechanism/RONGLili,etal(EconomicsandManagementCollege,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai,an271018,China)Abstract:Withtheincreaseofundergroundwaterdemand,thewaterrightconflictshavegraduallyincreased.Thereasonliesinthatthewaterrightofundergroundwaterandtheexternalpropertyrightduringtheutilizationarenotdefinitelydetermined,andthecorrespondingtradingmechanismofwaterrightisnotavailable.Therefore,throughthedefinitedeterminationoftheinitialwaterrightandexternalpropertyrightofundergroundwater,arationaltradingmechanismisestablishedsoastosolvethewaterrightconflicts,raisetheefficiencyofwaterutilizationandrealizetheoptimumallocationofundergroundwaterresources.Keywords:undergroundwater;waterright;waterrightconflict;externality;tradingmechanismReviewofthedevelopmentofwatersavingirrigationtechnologybyuseoflowpressurepipes/LIANGChunlin,etal(CollegeofArchitectureandCivilEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100022,China)Abstract:Theadvantagesofirrigationbyuseoflowpressurepipesarereviewed.Throughtheanalysisofthedevelopmentandexperienceathomeandaboard,theexistingproblemsinChinaarepresented,andthedevelopmenttrendorfieldsinfutureareputforwardsoastoprovidebasisforfurtherpopularizationandapplicationoftheirrigationtechnology.Keywords:agriculturalirrigation;watersavingtechnology;lowpressurepipeStrawcoveragetechnologyinfarmlandsanditsdevelopmenttrend/LIUYuhan,etal(ModernAgriculturalEducationDept.,HohaiUniversity,Nanjing210098,China)Abstract:Thecharacteristicsofstrawcoveragetechnologyareanalyzed.Theuptodatedevelopmentandtrendsofstrawcoveragetechnologyathomeandabroadarediscussed.Thedisadvantagesandresearchemphasisinfuturearepointedout,andtheprospectofitsapplicationisputforward.Keywords:strawcoverage;uptodatedevelopment;developmenttrendPersistenceofcomprehensivetreatmentandenhancementofwaterlogcontrolcriteria/SUYa,etal(SuzhouWaterResourcesBureauofAnhuiProvince,Suzhou234000,China)Abstract:WithregardtothesituationofdenserivernetsinSuzhouCityofAnhuiProvince,floodsandwaterlogdisastersareeasilyaroused.Someempiricalactivitiesareintroduced,thatis,implementationofcapitalconstructionpolicyforfarmlands,scientificplanning,compreh