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1一、可数名词变复数规则1.一般情况下加s例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces2.以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾加es例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes3、以辅音字母+y结尾,将y改变为i,再加-es例:candy→candies;lady→ladies;story→stories4、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。(有生命的加es,无生命的加s)例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo(鱼雷)→torpedoes;bingo(彩票式游戏)→bingoes反例:radio→radios;piano→pianos(外来词);photo→photos;zoo→zoos5、以f或fe结尾的将f或fe变为-ves,但有例外例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff(员工)→staves;scarf(围巾)→scarves直接加s:roof-roofs,belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾)-gulfs,serf(农奴)-serfs,safe-safes,chief(负责人)-chiefs6、不规则名词:例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen;foot→feet;goose→geese;mouse→mice;tooth→teeth;datum→data数据analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基础;datum→data数据;formula公式→formulae/formulas;louse虱子→lice;medium→media/mediums媒介;phenomenon→phenomena现象7、单复数同形例:Chinese中国人;Japanese日本人;deer;fish;cannon(大炮);sheep;8、一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀trousers长裤;wages工资9、其他复合名词变复数,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父;maid-servant→maid-servants女仆tep-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿10、以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。例:womandoctor→womendoctors,manwaiter→menwaiters.二、动词第三人称单数变化规则1、大多数动词在词尾加s如:stop--stops;make--makes2、以s,x,ch,sh结尾加es如:pass--passes;relax--relaxes;teach--teaches;wash--washes3、以辅音字母加y结尾的,要先将y变为i,加es如:fly--flies;carry--carries;study--studies24、以o结尾加es如:go--goes;do--does三、动词加ing变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-ingcough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,see—seeing2.以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,去掉e加ingwrite—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing3、重读闭音节(在重读音节中,只有一个元音字母后接一个辅音字母),双写末尾辅音字母加ingstop--stopping,run--running,get--getting,win--winning4、以-ie结尾的将e去掉,将i变成y再加-ingdie—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying四、动词过去式、过去分词变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。(一)规则变化:1.一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked2.以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced3.以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try—tried,study—studied4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed如stop—stopped,permit—permitted(二)不规则动词的过去式、过去分词变化规则,须多加记忆come--came--come;go--went--gone;make--made--made等五、形容词、副词变比较级、最高级的变化规则1.一般在形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-esttall—taller—tallestfast—faster—fastest2.以-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加-r或-stlarge—larger—largestnice—nicer—nicest3.以-y结尾的形容词或副词,改-y为-i再加-er或-estbusy—busier—busiestearly—earlier—earliest4.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er或-esthot—hotter—hottestbig—bigger—biggest5.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或mostdelicious—moredelicious—mostdelicious;useful--moreuseful--mostusefulbeautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful另外还有一个表示否定意义的形式,前加less,leastexciting--lessexciting--leastexciting;intelligent--lessintelligent--leastintelligent6.大部分以ly结尾的形容词、副词都是前加more,most来构成比较级和最高3级slowly--moreslowly--mostslowly;happily--morehappily--mosthappily7.不规则变化good(well)—better—bestbad(badly)—worse—worstfar--farther--farthest(指距离)far--further--furthest(指程度)much(many)--more--mostlittle--less--leastold--elder--eldest(指家庭关系中年长的)old--older--oldest(属规则变化,泛指年龄大的)注:elder不能与than连用,只能用作定语修饰名词。六、形容词变副词的变化规则1.、一般情况下直接加“ly”。如slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly;careful-carefully2、以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily3、少数以ue结尾的形容词,去e加-ly。例如:true-truly4、某些以le结尾的形容词去掉e,加-y。如:terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable-probably;5、绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely,wide-widely6、以ll结尾的加y。如:full-fully注:friendly;motherly(慈母般的);lovely等词是形容词而非副词
本文标题:可数名词变复数规则总结
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