上海牛津英语6A期末复习(精华版)剖析

不定冠词(a/an)的用法1.Iwouldliketobeapoliceman.（职业前加“a”或“an”）2.Thereisabeautifulgardenbehindthehouse.（翻译成中文，有“一”的意思）3.习惯用语：haveagood/greattime,halfanhour,tellalie,makea(shopping)list,haveapicnic,haveabarbecue,haveahealthydiet,haveanunhealthydiet,That’sagoodidea.等定冠词the的用法1.Ihaveacatandadog.Thecatiswhiteandthedogisbrown.（再次提到的人和物前）2.Ourclassroomisonthethirdfloor.（on+the+序数词+floor）3.Iplaythepianoeveryday.（乐器前面）习惯用语:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,forthefirsttime,FriendsoftheEarth,theenvironment,attheweekend,theoneontheleft/right,theoneinthemiddle,inthecity,inthecountryside,attheentrance等一般不用冠词的情况1.Whatdoyouhaveforbreakfast?（一日三餐前）2.Weplayfootballafterschooleveryday.(球类运动前)固定词组：bytrain/motorcycle,onfoot,atnight,atnoon,watchTV,gotoschool,walktoschool,belateforschool,atweekends,startwork,finishwork,inclass等。主格宾格所有格我(的)Imemy我们(的)weusour你/你们(的)youyouyour他(的)hehimhis她(的)sheherher它(的)ititits他们(的)theythemtheir主格：用作句子的主语宾格：用在动词和介词后面所有格：表示“…的”Wh-wordmeaningQuestionAnswerWhatWhich什么WhatdoyoudoforSpringFestival?WehaveaNewYear’sdinnertogether.哪一个Whichwouldyoulike?I’dlikethisyellowone.Wh-wordmeaningQuestionAnswerWhoWhoseWhenWhattime谁WhoisMr.Wu?Heisourclassteacher.谁的Whosehandbagisthis?It’sKitty’s.什么时候WhenisJon’sbirthday?Itison2April.几点钟Whattimeisitnow?It’s2:15p.m.Wh-wordmeaningQuestionAnswerWhereWhyHow哪里Whereismypen?Itisinthepencilcase.为什么Whyareyousohappytoday?It’smybirthday!怎么样Howdoyoutraveltoschooleveryday?Bybus.Weuse‘How…questions’toaskfornumbersoramounts.How…meaningQuestionAnswerHowmanyThereareseven.HowmuchHowmuch多少（可数）Howmanypeoplearethere?多少(不可数)Howmuchsugardoweneedeveryday?Onlyalittle.多少钱Howmuchdidyouspendonthebook?35yuan.1.Some和any的用法（1）some用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句要改为anye.g.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Thereisn’tanymilkinthebottle.Isthereanymilkinthebottle?（2）当疑问句希望得到肯定的回答，可以用someWouldyoulikesome…?MayIhavesome…?Shallwebuysome…?2.few,afew,little,alittle(1)Weneed_____(afew,alittle)fateveryday.重点一：few和afew修饰可数名词，little和alittle修饰不可数名词5.Hurryup!Wehaveonly______(alittle,afew,little,few)time!Thereare____(alittle,afew,little,few)spicysausagesinthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysome.重点四：alittle,afew表示“一点点”，肯定含义；little,few表示“几乎没有”，否定含义。固定搭配only/stillalittle,only/stillafew3.one…theother…,some…others,others,eachother(1)Sheisalwayskindtoothers.others=otherpeople别人(2)Theyalwayshelpeachother.eachother互相(3)Ihavetwosons.OnelivesintheUSA,theotherlivesinAustralia.one…,theother…一个…另一个（前提两个人或物）(4)Somestudentslikecartoons,otherslikesciencefiction.some…,others…一些…,另一些…1.可数名词(CountableNoun)的复数规则变化:A.一般情况加+se.g.toy---toysmonth---monthscoin---coinsB.以s,x,sh,ch结尾加+ese.g.class—classesbox—boxeschurch—churchesbrush---brushesdish---dishesC.以f或fe结尾去f或fe改为vese.g.shelf---shelvesknife---kniveswolf---wolvesD.以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i,再加ese.g.city---citiescountry---countrieslady---ladies(比较:day---daysboy---boys)2.可数名词的复数不规则变化A.以o结尾e.g.potato—potatoestomato--tomatoes(比较:radio---radiosphoto---photospiano---pianoskilo---kiloszoo---zooskangaroo---kangaroos)B.单复同形e.g.sheep---sheepdeer---deerpeople---peopleChinese---ChineseJapanese---JapaneseC.改变元音e.g.man---menwoman---womenpoliceman---policemenpostman---postmenbusinesswoman---businesswomenchild---childrenmouse---micefoot---feettooth---teethgoose---geese可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达与可数名词搭配的量词与不可数名词搭配的量词afew一些(表示肯定)alittle一些(表示肯定)few(表示否定)little(表示否定)many许多much许多与可数名词和不可数名词都可搭配的量词alotof(=lotsof)许多plentyof大量的some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和疑问句）enough足够的（用于名词之前）one---firsttwo---secondthree---thirdfour---fourthfive---fifthsix---sixthseven---seventheight---eighthnine---ninthten---tentheleven---eleventhtwelve---twelfththirteen---thirteenthfourteen---fourteenthfifteen---fifteenthsixteen---sixteenthseventeen---seventeentheighteen---eighteenthnineteen---nineteenthtwenty---twentieththirty---thirtiethforty---fortiethfifty---fiftiethsixty---sixtiethseventy---seventietheight---eightiethninety---ninetiethhundred---hundredth在7:15在8:30在11:45在1:58ataquarterpastseven/atsevenfifteenathalfpasteight/ateightthirtyataquartertotwelve/atelevenforty-fiveattwo(minutes)totwo/atonefifty-eight半小时之内（包括半小时）常用介词past,半小时之后用介词to。Whendoweuseadjectives?在名词前作定语1.Weshouldhavea__________diet.(health)2.Ilikethe______babyverymuch.(love)healthylovelydietbaby在系动词后作表语1.Hebecamevery________(angrily).2.Chilliestaste___________(spice).angrytastespicyWhendoweuseadjectives?became形容词作宾语补足语Whendoweuseadjectives?11.Weshouldkeeptheroom_________(clean).12.Thisbadnewsmadehim__________(happy).keeptheroomcleanmadehimunhappybad1.在名词前作定语2.在系动词后作表语3.作宾语补足语（keep,make)形容词的位置和成分Howdowegetadverbs?widelywide+lyespeciallyespecial+lyextremelyextreme+lycompletelycomplete+lytrulytrue+lyreallyreal+lycloselyclose+lyquietlyquiet+lyimmediatelyimmediate+lyexcitedlyexcited+lyadv.adj.+lyConclusionscompletelycompleteaddlyheavilyheavyforadjsendinginy,changeytoiandaddlyRULESEXAMPLESgoodwell音节原级比较级拼写规则tall形容词比较级的拼写规则tallersaferfatterbigger一般的词+er以e结尾的词+r以重读闭音节结尾双写最后辅音字母+ersafefatbigthinhotredwetthinnerhotterredderwetter单音节词音节原级比较级拼写规则healthyeasycareful双音节词healthiereasiermorecareful多音节以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,去y为变i+er以-ful,less,ing,ed,ly,ive,able等后缀结尾