您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 国内外标准规范 > 腐蚀电化学典型习题讲解
腐蚀电化学典型习题讲解1、试求氢电极的可逆电位,设已知溶液的pH值等于7,温度为25℃,压力为600mmHg。22202002.32.3lglglg22HeeHHHaRTRTaPPFPPF1760atmmmHg2202.32.3lglg22HHRTRTaPPFF0.05916000.0591lg0.4102760pHV2、试计算在25℃的空气中,在1MNa2SO4中性溶液中的氧电极的可逆电位。2O0.05911.229lgP0.0591pH41.2290.0148lg0.210.059171.2290.010.41370.805eV2222244442OHOeOHOHeHO20,,4ln4OeOeOOHPRTFa204,,ln4eOeOOHRTPaF2O0.05910.401lgP+0.0591pH40.4010.0148lg0.210.059170.4010.010.41370.805eV3、在25℃,设某一原电池的阴极反应的i0=10-6A/cm2,α=0.5,n=2。阳极反应i0=10-2A/cm2时,α=0.5,n=2。问:电池放电通过两极的电流密度均为10-4A/cm2时,阴阳极极化的过电位各为多少?4060.0591210lg0.521.3lg0.1018kkiRTVnFi0408.314298291.2837106500aaaiRTVinFii4、当ηH2=0.30V和ηH2=0.01V时,分别计算酸性溶液中H2在Pt电极上的析出速度(A/cm2)表示。已知:i0=1×10-4A/cm2,α=0.5,n=1,T=25℃02.3lgkkiRTnFi2.30.0591RTF02.310kRTnFkii1)当ηH2=0.30V满足强极化条件0.340.1181010223.4510Acm0.0257RTF0kkRTinFi04100.010.0257kkiiRTnF2)当ηH2=0.01V满足线性极化条件523.8910Acm5.软钢在25℃,pH=2的去氧溶液中测得的腐蚀电位为-0.63V(相对饱和硫酸铜电极,饱和Cu/CuSO4电极相对氢标电极为0.316V)。在软钢上氢的过电压服从公式ηH2=0.7+0.1logi(i单位为安培/厘米2)。假设阴阳极面积相同,即均为钢表面积,求腐蚀速率为多少mm/y?220,,02.3lg0.05910.1182HeHeHHaRTpHVFPP0.630.3160.314Vc-氢标c-参比参比-氢标=+=-+=-20.118(0.314)0.1960.70.1lgHVi629.1210iAcmci2123224365(..)8.7610100(.)9.53108.760.1077.8LVgmhVmmygcmmmymyVm62216221569.1210226.89.53109.5310cmAtnFAVIiSgAcmAhgcmStthgmhnF6.已知浸泡在发烟硫酸中的铝试样的尺寸为50×30×1毫米,试验前的重量为4.0530克,试验时间为8昼夜,试验后(清除腐蚀产物后)的重量为4.0189克。铝的比重ρ=2.7克/厘米3。试计算:①腐蚀失重V-=?克/米2.小时。②腐蚀深度D深度=?毫米/年。③腐蚀失重指标相当于多大的阳极电流密度?(微安/厘米2)224.05304.0189()0.05620.03160824ggmhmhmVSt2121133(..)0.0562(..)8.760.182(.)2.7(.)LgmhgmhVmmygcgcmVm22326.8()0.056216.7427cnFAhVgmhAmAgic7、在25℃时某物质在电极上还原,已知:C=0.01M,D=9.5×10-10米2/秒,δ=5×10-4米,n=1。求:i=1.0安/米2时浓差极化过电位为多少?03310420.0110/965009.5105101.8335dcmolminFDmAm2.32.3lg()lg()0.0591lg()ddddkdkddkiiRTRTnFiiFiiiii1.80.0591lg()0.021.81V8、金属M在不含氧的酸中腐蚀,pH=1,25℃,反应是M+2H+≒M2++H2。由下面给出的数据计算金属的腐蚀速度。1)当外电流作用下,阴极极化到-0.78V(S.H.E)时所须外电流密度是多少?2)当阴极极化到-0.82V(S.H.E)时外电流密度是多少?此时金属是否腐蚀?已知:对于M:φe0=-0.76V(S.H.E),aM2+=10-2M,iM0=10-3A/cm2,n=2,α=0.5对于H2:iH20=10-8A/cm2,n=1,α=0.5(8.15×10-3A/cm2,2.73×10-2A/cm2)221MeM2222HeH腐蚀体系20,,2.3lg0.760.05910.8192eMeMMRTVF2,0.05910.0591eHpHV1)当外电流作用下,阴极极化到-0.78V(S.H.E)221.2510kiAcm28,0exp[]0.05910.7810exp0.0514kHkHnFiiRT222HeH对于属于强阴极极化220.05140.5kRTRTFnF324.3510aiAcm23321.25104.35108.1510KkaiiiAcm0,3,,3232(1)exp[]exp[]0.780.81910exp[]exp[]0.02570.025710(4.570.22)0.784.35100.819aaMaMMMnFnFiiRTRTAcmAcm22MeM对于属于弱阳极极化代表什么?110.0257(1)aRTRTFFn2)当外电流作用下,阴极极化到-0.82V(S.H.E)2,08220.05910.82exp[]10exp0.05142.710kkHHnFiiRTAcm222HeH对于仍属于强阴极极化0,,,(1)exp[]exp[]0aaMMMaMnFnFiiRTRT22MeM对于222.710KkiiAcm说明什么?22(1)MeM222(2)HeH,,220012383369.876432()()0.8190.05911010exp0.0770.14.68102.7180.14.68101.93108.9110eHeMakakakakcMHiiieAcm3)当腐蚀体系处于自然状态2,02,082.30.7610.00891lg0.05910.118lg100.00891lg0.0591lg0.8190V0.762V0.03051.2.ceeHHMccMRTFiRiiTFi221MeM20,,2.3lg0.760.05910.8192eMeMMRTVF2222HeH2,0.05910.0591eHpHV在开路条件下,即未对腐蚀体系进行极化时对阳极过程净阳极电流22MeM0.819,030.0257(1)exp[]10caMMMcaMnFiiieRT对阴极过程净阴极电流222HeH,22222,080.0514(1)exp[]10eHcHcHkHHknFiiieRT3-20.762V8.9110Acmcci3332expexpe0.7xpexp1.41908.91108.91108.280.7620.780.762710.492kkkKakaciAcim0.78V0.82V3322expexp0.820.7620.820.7628.9110expexp8.91103.090.1052.6510kkKckakaiiAcm9.确定Fe在3%NaCl溶液中25℃下的腐蚀过程为阳极控制还是阴极控制。并计算铁在该溶液中的最大腐蚀速度(以mm/a表示)。已知:Fe在该溶液中测出的电位为-0.300V,在该溶液中Fe的可逆电位为-0.463V,氧的标准电位为+0.401V([OH-]=1),氧的分压为1大气压,(以上电位均相对氢标电位)。在该溶液中氧的溶解度为0.21×10-6mol/cm3,氧的扩散系数为2×10-5厘米2/秒,扩散层有效厚度为0.08厘米,铁原子量为56,铁的密度为7.8克/厘米3。(0.23mm/y)自腐蚀电位=-0.300V22244OHOeOH22FeFee对于22244OHOeOH浓差过电位0.401(0.300)0.701kdVln(1)kddiRTnFi065520.21104965002100.082.026510.dcinFDAcm氧的极限扩散电流密度kdii腐蚀过程为阴极控制622.206510cdiiAcm212324365(..)8.7610100(.)0.23058.760.2597.8LVgmhVmmygcmmmymmyV5212152562.206510226.82.305100.2305cmAtnFAVIiSgSttAcmAhgcmhgFhnm10、在19℃时用饱和甘汞电极做参比电极分别测得以下两个电极电位为:①φeZn/ZnSO4(0.1M)=-1.065V;②φeCu/CuSO4(0.01M)=+0.026V。求这两个电极相对于标准氢电极的电极位值。待-氢标待测-参比参比-氢标=+0.2481.0650.817Ve,Zn-SCEe,Zn-氢标SCE-氢标=+0.2480.0260.274e,Zn-SCEe,Cu-氢标SCE-氢标=+01025,0.24380.76119,0.248SCESCECVdEmVKdTCV氢标氢标==
本文标题:腐蚀电化学典型习题讲解
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-3898340 .html