非谓语---不定式(公开课)

非谓语动词形式不定式一般式：todo/tobedone进行式：tobedoing完成式：tohavedone/tohavebeendone否定式：不定式to前加not不定式IbegantolookathuntingdifferentlyinNovember1989.Ihappenedtobewalkingintheforestwhenadeerhuntershotmeintheleg.Iwassorrytohavekilledsomanyanimals.todotobedoingtohavedone试比较下列句子动词不定式的时态(1)•动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生或不定式后发生，动词不定式用一般时态。Theyinvitedustogotherenextweek.Ihavealotofworktodo.•动词不定式先于谓语动作发生，动词不定式用完成时态。He’ssaidtohavebeentoAmericafor8years.I’msorrynottohavecomeonWednesday.动词不定式的时态(2)•谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行，动词不定式用进行时态。They’resaidtobebuildingabridge.Ihappenedtobewalkingintheforestwhenadeerhuntershotmeintheleg.LiHuapretended_______________whenhismothercameintotheroom.Thelittleboyhappened___________whensomeoneknockedatthedoor.考点一非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词用法不定式往往表示一次性的、具体的动作常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置2.Toseeyouisveryglad.3.Itisimpossibleforhimtogiveupsmoking.主语考点二非谓语动词作宾语1．常接动词不定式作宾语的动词afford(负担得起)，agree(同意)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，expect(期望)，hope(希望)，manage(设法)，refuse(拒绝)，want(想要)，wish(希望)，offer(提供)，pretend(假装)，promise(许诺)，choose(选择)，fail(失败)，long(渴望)等。Wecan'taffordtogoonvacationthisyear.今年我们没钱去度假。•名师点津：•①口诀助记通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：•三个希望两答应(hope，wish,want，agree，promise)•两个要求莫拒绝(demand，ask，refuse)•设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide)•不要假装在选择(pretend，choose)3．既可用动词­ing形式，也可用动词不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词forgettodosth.忘记去做某事未做forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事已做regrettodosth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做regretdoingsth.对做过的事表示后悔已做remembertodosth.记得去做某事未做rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事已做trytodosth.尽力去做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事goontodosth.继续做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来做的事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事can'thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。—Really？Idon'tmeantowasteanylabour.——是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。3.Helikesswimming.4.Shedecidestosleep宾语B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+todosth”。Ithinkitnecessarytoreportthethingtotheteacher.Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.考点三非谓语动词作表语作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词用法不定式表示某一特定行为，尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为5.Thetaskistobefinishedbynextmonth.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。6.Mydreamistotravelaroundtheworld表语考点四非谓语动词作宾语补足语作补语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词用法不定式表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性4．作宾语补足语【注意】在感官动词（see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役动词（let,have，make）后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。get除外。Isawhimplayinthepark.→Hewasseentoplayinthepark.Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.→Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.shegotmetobuythetakeoutyesterday5．with复合结构常用形式：withsb./sth.doing表主动且进行，或表特征sth.done表被动且完成，或表状态sth.todo表示将来Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.约翰收到晚餐请帖，因为工作完成了，他高兴接受了。考点五非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词用法不定式一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作，若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰9.Hewasthefirststudenttogettoschool定语10.Hehasanicepentowritewith.11.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.12.Heissaidthebestwaytotravelbyisonfoot.考点六非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词功能用法不定式原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后目的状语可与soasto/inorderto替换，但soasto一般不可置于句首结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用onlytodo不定式作结果状语常用如下句型Too+形容词/副词+todosth名词/形容词/副词+enough+todosthenough+名词+todosthsuch+（形容词）名词+astodosthso+形容词/副词+astodosth【注意】不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。12.Heworksdayandnighttoraisehisfamily13.I’mverygladtohearthenews.（原因)14.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.15.Hegotupearlysoasnottobelate.16.Hehurrieduptothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft状语•二．练习•请用所给动词的适当形式填空•1.Itisno________(use)withouttakingaction。•2._________（run）everydayisverygoodforourhealth•3.Trytoavoid_________(make)thesamemistakesinexam•4.Westillhavesomedifficulty_________(recite)words•5.Hemanged_________(escape)fromthefire•6.Wefelt_________(excite)afterhearingthegoonews•7.Thestudent_________(select)fromourclassisgoingtohaveashow•8._________(offer)ajobinabigcompany,Iamsohappy•9._________(offer)ajobtomeinabigcompany,thebossissonice•10.Iamsosorrytokeepyou_________(wait)forsolongtime•11.Hehadhisleg_________(break)whenhegotoffthebus.usingRuningmakingrecitingtoescapeexcitedselectedOfferedOfferingwaitingbroken