个人理财04.

Chapter4managingyourcashandsavingsLearninggoals:1.针对个人/家庭所得或收入的不同来源对家庭收入进行管理howtomanageyourincomeaccordingtothesourcesofincome.2.Howtomakecashbudgetandmanageyourcash如何编制现金预算，如何对现金进行管理3.建立紧急备用金的作用及其决策过程understandtheroleofemergencyfundandhowtocalculate4.Developasavingsstrategythatincorporatesavarietyofsavingsplans5.Openanduseacheckingaccount所得来源分类与特性理财策略：1.普通雇员：工资调整率不应该超过通胀率+3%2.公司业务员：（1）每月储蓄=（当月收入-当月支出）*边际储蓄率（2）基本收入：max（淡季时最低收入，维持家庭基本生活需求的最低消费额）（3）边际储蓄率=每多出1元的额外所得，应提高储蓄的比率当月收入低于家庭最低消费额时，边际储蓄为03.个体经营者：损益平衡营业额=固定成本/毛利率Howmuchdoyouneedtocoverthenecessaryexpenditures?1.基础收入=期待水准的生活费用需求*家庭人口数2.应有收入=基础收入+买房房贷本息负担+退休金储蓄+教育金储蓄（1）买房房贷本息负担：房价*按揭成数/年金现值系数*12房价=期望平方米数*家庭人口数*期待地区的单价（2）退休金储蓄=（期待水准的生活费用需求*2人*退休后生活年数20年）/离退休年数，假定退休金储蓄的投资报酬率只等于通货膨胀率（3）教育金储蓄率=（未成年子女数*期待水准的教育费用）/（离子女上大学年学*12）家庭储蓄的运用策略-家庭现金流量结构分析工作收入生活支出工作储蓄理财收入利息、保费支出理财储蓄资产负债调整现金流入资产负债调整现金流出资产负债调整现金净流量工作收入是源头活水退休后只有理财收入工作期间应逐年提高理财收入比重生活支出可预算控制贷款及缴保费应控制在退休前缴清退休后只有生活支出该期现金变动＝工作储蓄＋理财储蓄＋资产负债调整现金净流量Howtomakebudget?预算编制与控制1.Putlong-termfinancialgoal,andcalculateannuallysavings.设定长期目标，计算达到长期目标所需的年储蓄额。2.Calculateexpectedannuallyincome预测年度收入3.Calculateannuallyexpenditure.计算年度支出预算目标年度收入-年储蓄目标=年度支出预算税前收入税前收入税后收入所得税毛储蓄生活支出净储蓄利息保费还债投资提高家庭收入的可能方式Emergencyfund紧急备用金Theroleofemergencyfund1.应对失业或失能导致的工作收入中断失业：3个月固定支出失能：投保残疾收入险，3个月免责期固定支出；未投保，6个月总体而言，3个月是最基本的紧急备用金，6个月是建议的紧急备用金，最长1年。2.应对紧急医疗或意外灾变所导致的超支费用通常以单一事故可能发生的巨额费用估计建议以5000元作为安全存量额度总的紧急备用金=1+2以现有资产状况衡量紧急备用金的应对能力1.失业保障月数=存款、可变现资产或净资产/月固定支出2.意外或灾变承受能力=（可变现资产+保险理赔金-现有负债）/（5-10年生活费+房屋重建装潢成本）紧急储备金的储备形式--------存款或者备用贷款额度1.在机会成本方面的比较2.两者搭配的方式Wheretostashthecash1.Cash:pocketmoney,thecoinancurrencyinone’spossession.2.Checkingaccount:demanddeposit,anaccountheldatafinancialinstitutionfromwhichfundscanbewithdrawnbycheckorincashondemandbytheaccountholder.3.Savingsaccount:servicedbycommercialbanks,savingsandloanassociation,savingbanks,creditunions,andothertypesoffinancialinstitutions.Timedeposits:expectedtoremainondepositforalongerperiodoftimethanademanddeposit.4.Interest-payingcheckingaccounts:(1)NOWaccounts:negotiableorderofwithdrawalaccounts:nolegalminimumbalance,butinstitutionsimposetheirownrequirement,$500-$1000;higherrateforbalanceaboveaspecifiedamount.(2).Moneymarketdepositaccount:afederallyinsuredsavingsaccount,offeredbybanksandotherdepositoryinstitutions,thatismeanttobecompetitivewithamoneymarketmutualfund.Minimumbalance:$1000ormoreConveniences:limitednumberoffreemonthlychecksandtransfers----6---butpayafeeonadditionaltransactions.Payhighestinterestrateofcheckingaccount.(3)Moneymarketmutualfund:amutualfundthatpoolsthefundsthefundsofmanysmallinvestorsandpurchaseshigh-returnshort-termmarketablesecuritiesofferedbytheU.S.treasury,majorcorporations,largecommercialbanks,andvariousgovernmentorganizations.1-3%abovethosepaidonregularsavingsaccounts.5.Assetmanagementaccounts:acomprehensivedepositaccount,offeredprimarilybybrokeragehousesandmutualfunds,combineschecking,investing,andborrowingactivitiesandautomatically“sweeps”excessbalancesintoamoneymarketmutualfundandautomaticallyprovidesloanswhenshortagesexist.InAm.,offeredbynodepositoryfinancialinstitutions.6.Certificateofdeposit:asavingsinstrumentwherefundsareleftondepositforastipulatedperiod(1weekto1yrormore);imposeapenaltyforwithdrawingfundsearly.Marketyieldsvarybysizeandmaturity;nocheck-writingprivileges.7.U.s.treasurybill:short-term,highlymarketablesecurityissuedbytheU.S.treasury(originallyissuedwithmaturitiesof13and26weeks);smallestdenominationsis$1000.8.U.S.savingsbond(EE):issuedbytheU.S.treasury;rateofinterestistiedtoU.S.treasurysecurities.Longapopularsavingsvehicle(widelyusedwithpayrolldeductionplans).Maturesinapproximately5yrs;soldindenominationsof$50andmore.PatriotbondsRedeemafterfirst6months,5yrs,3monthsinterestpenalty.Interestratesarecalculatedevery6monthsandchangewithprevailingtreasurysecuritymarketyields.debitcard:vs.CreditcardSpecialcodedplasticcardsusedtotransferfundsfromacustomer’sbankaccounttotherecipient’saccounttopayforgoodsorservices.Point-of–saleterminalsrequiredtoacceptdebitcardpayments.PersonalidentificationnumberCangetcashbackwhenmakeapurchase.Maintainingacheckingaccount1.OpeningandusingyourcheckingaccountMaintainingacheckingaccount1.Thecostofacheckingaccount(1)Baseservicecharge,$7.5permonth(2)Additionalcharges,25centsforeachcheckyouwrite,10centsforeachATMorbank-by-phonetransaction.Ifyourcheckisreturned,theychargeuashighas$15to$20,stoppaymentorderscost$10to$25,2.overdraft:theresultofwritingacheckforanamountgreaterthanthecurrentaccountbalanceBouncedcheck:Penaltyfee:$15to$20Overdraftprotection:anarrangementbetweentheaccountholderandthedepositoryinstitutionwhereintheinstitutionautomaticallypaysacheckthatoverdrawstheaccount.3.Stoppingpayment:anordermadebyanaccountholderinstructingthedepositoryinstitutiontorefusepaymentonanalreadyissuedcheck.4.MonthlystatementsAccountreconciliation:theprocessofverifyingofone’scheckingaccountrecordsinlightofthebank’srecordsasreflectedinthebankstatement,whichcontainsanitemizedlistingofalltransactionswithinthecheckingaccount.Caseapplicatio