Unit 2 英汉对比与翻译 (一)

英汉对比与翻译（一）1)词的分类一词多类现象：汉语：绿色；绿的叶，红的花；脸都被打绿了；春风又绿江南岸英语：plenty:n.丰富adj.足够的full:adj.满的adv.十分n.全部roundadj.圆的adv.兜圈子prep.围绕v.变圆n.圆形物Example:downYouneednottakedownwhateverIsaid.(你们没必要记下我所说的一切）Thestonerolleddownthehillandhittheboy.(石头滚下山，砸着了孩子）介TheterroristsdownedtwoplanesinRussia.We’llshareupsanddownswithyou.我们与你同甘共苦，风雨同舟。Heisnotdownyet.(adj.)2)词意A.英汉两种语言中词义的宽窄往往不同：一对一：Kongfu,Laser,linguistics一对多：sister(姐妹）,marry（嫁娶）没有完全对应：prey（被捕获的猎物）（在下一讲中更详细地讲）B.以某语素为出发点，汉语组成一大堆词族:清白pure清淡light清贫poor清凉coolandrefreshing清冷chilly清爽freshandcool清幽quietandbeautiful清瘦thin清查check清官honestanduprightofficialsC.词义的误解：BlackbirdBlackbirdBlackboardBlackboardHotdogCatsanddogs:Itisrainingcatsanddogs.红茶blackteaAcommon,fairlysmallEuropeanbird3)词的搭配TakeoffThenewdictionaryhasreallytakenoff.(popular)TakeoffyourwetshirtThedoctortookoffhiswoundedleftleg.Theyhadtotakeoff(取消)theshowbecauseofpooraudience.Youcantakeonlyonedayoff.Theofficerleadingtheinquiryhasbeentakenoff.Collocation(continued)看看电视watchTV看黑板lookattheblackboard看地图studyamap看小说readanovel看朋友visitafriend4)词的位置A.单词作定语Acharminggirl,atallbuildingNothingimportantThemanager’slittleofficeAlittle,yellow,ragged,lame,unshavenbeggar.一个乞丐，身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡须。某些以－ible或－able结尾的形容词用作定语时，与every，theonly，或形容词最高级连用来修饰名词时，也常放在名词后Wemusthelpthemineverywaypossible(everypossibleway).我们一定要用一切可能的办法来帮助他们。Thisistheonlyreferencebookavailablehere.这是这儿能找到的唯一参考书。Theyareworkingtoincreaseproductionatthehighestspeedpossible.他们努力尽可能快的速度提高产量。Thisisthebestsolutionimaginable.这是能想得出的最好解决办法。Otherparticularattributes:thepresentstudents现在的学生thestudentspresent出席的学生；在场的学生Iadmiremyfatherbecauseheisaresponsibleman.一个负责任的人Mr.Linisthemanresponsibleforexaminingtheproject.对某事负责的人B.短语作定语Abuildingprojectofhigh-riseapartmenthouses一个高层公寓大楼的建筑项目Acandidatewithlittlechanceofsuccess一个当选希望极微的候选人5)setphrases:Tomakeamonkeyof做蠢事,丢丑ToburntheboatTofishintheairTocallaspadeaspadeCastleintheairCrocodiletears:Aninsinceredisplayofgrief,asinWhentheplay‘sstarbrokeherleg,herunderstudy（替身）weptcrocodiletears.Thistermcomesfromthemistakennotionthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirprey.1)SomeAmericanspopacrossthebordersimplytofuelupon(toaddfuel,原意为“加燃料”，后引申为“吃喝，填肚子”)flavorfulMexicanfoodandbeer.2)Youhavetomakeupyourmindassoonaspossible.(makeup).3)JackhasbecomeJackofalltradesandmasterofnone.4)Part-timebarmanwanted.Hoursandsalarynegotiable.6)Wemustbringthechairmanaroundtoourpointofview.7)TheAsiancountriesalongthecoastofthePacificallcameoutagainsttheUSnewmilitarybaseinJapan.8)Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.课后学习网站：英汉词汇互译的若干方法英语词语的理解AfamousicefestivalinChinaisthelatestvictimofrisingglobaltemperatures.EverywintertensofthousandsoftouristsgotoHarbin,inthefarnortheastofChina,toseethecity'sicesculptures.Butwithhighertemperatures,thesculpturesarestartingtomelt.HarbinisoneofChina'scoldestcities.Inwinter,temperaturescandropaslowasminus35degreescentigrade.Despitethisharshclimate,thecityhasturneditselfintoapopularwintertouristdestination.VisitorsarrivefromacrossAsiatoexperiencethecold-andseethecity'sicesculptures.Animals,people,evenfamousbuildingsareturnedintointricatesculpturesthatarelitupatnight.But,there'saproblem-wintersjustaren'tascoldastheyusedtobe.Lastyear,Harbinhaditswarmestyearsincerecordsbegan.Andthatmeansthecity'sfamousicesculpturesaremeltingearlier.TheicefestivaltraditionallylastsuntiltheendofFebruary.Butthisyear,therearefearstheicewillhavemeltedlongbeforethen.Andthisisnotjustaworryforenvironmentalists.Harbin'sicefestivalisthecity'sbiggestsourceofincome.Iftheicegoes,sodothetourists.