Unit 21 Human biology(zhong)

单词派生写出下列各词的派生词。1.faithn.信任，相信，信心__________adj.可信任的，可信赖的，忠诚的__________adj.背信弃义的,不忠的2.fortunen.机会，运气;大笔的钱__________adj.幸运的，交好运的__________adv.幸运地，交好运地，吉利地__________adj.不幸的,倒霉的3.prescriptionn.处方，药方;建议，秘诀__________v.给……开药，开（处方）4.storagen.存储__________vt.贮藏，储存prescribefaithfulfaithlessfortunatefortunatelyunfortunatestore4.contradictv.与（其它事食物）相矛盾_____________n.矛盾，对立5.extendv.延长，扩大____________adj.延伸了的，扩展了的____________n.扩大，延伸____________adj.广阔的，广大的，大量的6.privilegedadj.荣幸的，有特权的____________n.特权7.emphasisevt.使明显，使突出；强调____________n.强调，重点contradictionextendedextensionextensiveprivilegeemphasis词语活用用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Don’tdependonher.Sheisa________friend.(faith)2.Hehadsupportedthelocalteam_________for30years.(faith)3.Iwas_________inhavingagoodteacher.(fortune)4.____________forhim,hewassoonofferedanotherjob.(fortune)Fortunatelyfaithlessfaithfullyfortunate5.Thedoctorgavemea_______________forantibiotics（抗生素）(prescribe).6.Thetwostories__________eachother.(contradiction)7.Thereareplansto________thenon-smokingarea.(extension)prescriptioncontradictextend1.prohibitvt.(法令等)禁止；阻止，使不可能◇Smokingisprohibitedhere.这里禁止吸烟。◇Prohibithimfromcoming别让他进来。★搭配：prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事；使某人不能做某事prohibitdoingsth.禁止做某事■运用：用prohibit翻译下列句子。(1)他的身高使他不能成为一名警察。Hisheight__________________beingapoliceman.(2)哈里波特被禁止进入那间房子。HarryPotter__________________________thathouse.(3)雨天和大雾妨碍了飞行。Rainyweatherandfog___________________.prohibitedflyingprohibitedhimfromwasprohibitedfromentering2.opposevt.反对(beagainst)※用法：后接名词、代词，或动名词作宾语。◆搭配：beopposedto=oppose反对◇Theyopposedreform.=Theyareopposedtoreform.他们反对改革。◇Iamopposedtogoingshoppingwithothers.我反对与他人一起外出购物。★联想：（1）opposedadj.强烈反对的（2）opposingadj.对立的；对抗的（3）opponentn.对手，敌手，反对者■运用：用oppose翻译下列句子。(1)她反对你出国。(2)他强烈反对这一计划。Hestronglyopposes(=isstronglyopposedto)theplan.Sheopposes(=isopposedto)yourgoingabroad.2.postponevt.推迟；延迟(=delay,putoff)◇Hedecidedtopostponedeliveringalecture.他决定推迟讲座。◇Thepartywaspostponeduntil8o’clock.晚会推迟到8点举行。※提醒：后接动词时要用-ing形式，常与until,to等连用。★拓展：postponementn.推迟■运用：用postpone翻译下列句子。(1)让我们推迟做这个决定吧。Let’spostpone____________________.(2)由于天气很糟糕，比赛推迟到了下周日。Thematch________________thefollowingSundaybecauseofbadweather.(3)我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周举行。We’llhaveto__________________________nextweek.makingadecisionwaspostponedtopostponethemeetinguntil/to1.comeacross碰到，（偶然）发现或遇见◇Icameacrossanoldfriendyesterday.我昨天碰到了一个老朋友。◇Shecameacrosssomeoldphotographsinadrawer.她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。■运用：完成或翻译下列句子。(1)碰到一个生词，我就把它写到笔记本上。_____________________________,Iputitdowninmynotebook.(2)我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。WhenIcomeacrossanewwordNeverhaveIcomeacrosssuchadifficultproblem.◆拓展：理解comeacross的其它意思和句型。(1)Hespokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidn’treallycomeacross.(2)Itcameacrossmymindthathemightbewaitingformethere.被理解，被弄懂我突然意识到/想起2.breakworldrecords破世界纪录★拓展：补全下列短语或翻译。(1)_________arecord创纪录(2)_________arecord保持纪录(3)recordholder__________________(4)keeparecordof__________________(5)makearecord__________________setkeep/hold记录保持者把……记录下来制作唱片■运用：翻译下列句子。(1)这个著名的运动员最近又创造了一项新的世界跳远记录。(2)有时候记下你所做过的事是很用的。Sometimesit’sveryusefultokeeparecordofwhatyouhavedone.Thefamousathletehassetanewworldrecordinthelongjump.3.dueto因为，由于（to是介词）◇Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.该队的成功很大程度上取决于她的努力。说明：dueto多用于be后，即构成beduetosth.(是因为)，而owingto则不用于be后；在其他动词后用dueto,owingto,becauseof都可以。◇Hearrivedlatedueto/owingto/becauseofthestorm.由于暴风雨，他来迟了。★拓展：bedue(todo)预期(做)，约定(做)，应该(做)◇Weareduetoleavetomorrow.我们定于明天动身。■运用：用dueto翻译下列句子。(1)这本书预期十月出版。(2)该车祸是由于司机的大意引起的。Thisaccident_______________________________.(3)我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。Ourhappychildhood_____________________________________________.HisbookisduetobepublishedinOctoberwasduetothedriver’scarelessnessisduetoourfather’shardwork1.Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.不幸的是，并不是很容易查出运动员是否服用了兴奋剂。(M7,P34)※提示：catchsb.doingsth.发现/发觉某人在干某事;当场抓住某人在做某事◇Theteachercaughttheboycheating.那男孩在作弊的时候被老师发现了。■运用：用括号里的词的正确形式填空。(1)Thesalesmanscoldedthegirl______________(catch;steal)andthenletheroff.(2)Once_______________(catch;steal)attheshop,youwillbedismissedimmediately.caughtstealingcaughtstealing★拓展：含catch的短语。(1)catchupwith赶上(2)catchsightof看见(3)get/becaughtintherain淋雨(4)becaughtinatrafficjam遇到交通阻塞2.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.(M7,P34)将来,改变了基因的运动员有可能创下8秒百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。◆句型：havesth.done提示：have为使役动词。1.havesb.dosth让某人去做某事2.havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人/某物处于做某事的状态3.havesth.done有三种用法：Iwouldhavehimwaitformeatthegateofthepark.我要他在公园门口等我。Hisparentshadhimstayingathomeyesterday.昨天他父母亲让他呆在家里。have＋宾语＋宾语补足语3.havesth.done有三种用法：1)表示“主语请别人做某事”。Wehadthemachinerepairedyesterday.我们昨天请人把机器修好了。2)表示“主语遭受一种不幸”。Ihadmywatchstolenlastnight.昨晚我的手表被偷了。3)表示“完成某项工作”。Wewillhavetheworkfinishedtomorrow.我们明天将把工作完工。havesb.dosth.让某人去做某事havesth.todo有事情要做Iwouldhavehimwaitformeatthegateofthepark.我要他在公园门口等我。Ihaveameetingtoattendtonight.我今晚有一个会议要参加。对比：■运用：1)Theteacherhadus__________(hand)inourhomeworkontime.2)Theteacherhadherstudents__________(do)theirhomeworkintheclassroomallthetime.3)MrsSmithhadtwoofherteet