2016届高三英语二轮复习 题型攻略 专题1 阅读理解 位高“分”重 第4节 高瞻远瞩 锁定主旨大意

专题一阅读理解位高“分”重专题复习·英语第四节高瞻远瞩——锁定主旨大意名师点拨技能提升《考试说明》指出：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，通过这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么即文章的主题，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。名师点拨技能提升解题技巧干扰特点设题方式主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：1．Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis________.2．Thepassage(orthefirstparagraph)ismainlyabout________.3．Whatisthemainidea/topic/purpose/subjectofthepassage?4．Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?5．Thepassagechieflydiscusses/dealswith________.名师点拨技能提升解题技巧干扰特点设题方式6．Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?7．Thepassagemainlytellsusthat________.8．Themainideaofthefirst/second/third...paragraphprobablyis______.9．What’sthefirst/second/third...paragraphconcernedwith?10．WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph...?名师点拨技能提升解题技巧干扰特点设题方式1．归纳要点抓大意。适用于没有明显的主题句的文章或段落。2．从段落中抓大意。适用于主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章。3．读首句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道。4．读尾句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在段/篇尾的文章。名师点拨技能提升解题技巧干扰特点设题方式1．概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)2．过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)3．以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意名师点拨技能提升解题技巧干扰特点设题方式找主题句的四个小窍门①段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually，while，onthecontrary，incontrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。②首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。③作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。④表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。经典案例全景剖析(2015·高考福建卷阅读D)(1)Lifecanbesowonderful，fullofadventureandjoy.Itcanalsobefullofchallenges，setbacks(挫折)andheartbreaks.Whateverourcircumstances，wegenerallystillhavedreams，hopesanddesires—thatlittlesomethingmorewewantforourselvesandourlovedones.Yetknowingwecanhavemorecanalsocreateaproblem，becausewhenwegotochangethewaywedothings，upcometheoldpatternsandpitfalls(陷阱)thatstoppedusfromseekingwhatwewantedinthefirstplace.经典案例全景剖析(2)Thistensionbetweenwhatwefeelwecanhaveandwhatwe'reseeminglyabletohaveistheniggling(烦人的)suffering，theanxietywefeel.Thisiswhereweusuallythinkit'seasiertojustgiveup.Butwe'renevermeanttoletgoofthepartofusthatknowswecanhavemore.Theintelligencebehindthatknowingisus—therealus.It'sthepartthatbelievesinlifeanditspossibilities.Ifyoudropthat，youbegintofeelalittle“dead”insidebecauseyou'redropping“you”．(3)So，ifwehavethiscapabilitybutsomehowlifeseemstokeepusstuck，howdowebreakthesepatterns?经典案例全景剖析(4)Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.Thisisgoodadviceforanewadventureorjustgettingthroughtoday'schallenges.(5)While，deepdown，weknowwecandoit，ourmind—orthemindsofthoseclosetous—usuallysayswecan't.Thatisn'tareasontostop，it'sjustthemind，thatlittlemanorwomanonyourshoulder，tryingtotalkyououtofsomethingagain.Ithasdoneitmanytimesbefore.It'sallaboutstartingsimpleanddoingitnow.(6)Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittle，orlarge，releasefromthejailofyourmindandyou'llbeonyourway.经典案例全景剖析语篇解析语篇脉络本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章旨在告诉我们在生活中遇到一些挑战与挫折时应该如何做才能打破束缚我们的模式，迎接挑战！经典案例全景剖析语篇解析语篇脉络段落大意题。题干中的inferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphs说明是总结前两段的主旨大意，根据第一段中的Whateverourcircumstances，wegenerallystillhavedreams，hopesanddesires...ourlovedones.和第二段中的It'sthepartthatbelievesinlifeanditspossibilities.Ifyoudropthat，youbegintofeelalittle“dead”insidebecauseyou'redropping“you”．可以推测，作者在这两段里主要是建议我们无论在什么情况下都要坚持自己的梦想。故选C项。C68．Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatweshould_______.A．slowdownandliveasimplelifeB．becarefulwhenwechoosetochangeC．sticktoourdreamsunderanycircumstancesD．becontentwithwhatwealreadyhave经典案例全景剖析语篇解析语篇脉络69．Whatisthekeytobreakingtheoldpatterns?A．Tofocusoneverydetail.B．Todecideandtakeimmediateaction.C．Tolistentothoseclosetous.D．Tothinktwicebeforeweact.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.可知B项正确，D项错误；根据倒数第二段中的．..orthemindsofthoseclosetous...Thatisn'tareasontostop...可排除C项；A项在文中没有提及。B经典案例全景剖析语篇解析语篇脉络70．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?A．Escapefromyourpunishment.B．Realizationofyourdreams.C．Freedomfromyourtension.D．Reductionofyourexpectations.句意猜测题。根据最后一条建议Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.(行动前不要犹豫不决)可知，要把自己从思想的束缚中解放出来。release意为“解放”，与freedom同义。C经典案例全景剖析语篇解析语篇脉络71．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．It'seasierthanwethinktogetwhatwewant.B．It'simportanttolearntoacceptsufferingsinlife.C．It'simpracticaltochangeourwayofthinking.D．It'sharderthanweexpecttofollowanewcourse.写作意图题。作者在文中一直建议我们要打破思想束缚，不要因盲目听从与我们关系亲密的人的意见而轻易放弃自己的理想。只要我们觉得时机成熟就要果断地采取行动，这样我们才能迎接挑战，得到我们想要的。A经典案例全景剖析语篇解析语篇脉络1～234～6dreamshopesdesiresWhatshouldwedotoovercome