高二英语非谓语动词

高二英语Module5Unit3Grammar-3非谓语动词授课教师刘淑英在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：不定式（todo）现在分词（doing）过去分词（done）动名词（doing）三、非谓语动词的特征1、动词特征：A、时态：一般式完成式todotohavedonedoinghavingdoneIthinkitwise_______(ask)himforadvice.Theyseem____________(finish)theirwork.__________(do)hishomework,hewentoutforplay.Hesentmeane-mail,______(hope)togetmoreadvice.toasktohavefinishedHavingdonehoping1.Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggereffort___her.A.pleasingB.tohavepleasedC.topleaseD．havingpleased2.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported___twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetupCCB、语态：主动语态被动语态todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneHeasked________(send)toworkinthefactory.Heissaid_____________(send)toLondonalready.Thisistheproblem___________(discuss)atthemeetingnow._____________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.tobesenttohavebeensentbeingdiscussedHavingbeentold注：1、非谓语动词的否定结构非谓语动词的否定结构是：not+非谓语动词Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilfoodaftertheoperation.Notknowingwhattodo,hephonedhimagain.Tonywasunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.1.The_______(excite)peoplerushedintothebuilding.2.Whenwecametoschoolthatmorning,wefoundallthewindows_______.A.beingstolenB.tobestolenC.stolenD.tohavebeenstolenexcitedstolen3.Theteacherstoodthere__________byhisstudents.A.tobesurroundedB.surroundedC.havingsurroundedD.tohavebeensurroundedsurrounded主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式++++++现在分词++++过去分词++++动名词++++非谓语动词的语法功能一、不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作，尤其是指将来的动作。动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。_____withfireisdangerous.A.PlayingB.Toplay_____withfirewillbedangerous.A.ToplayB.Playing1.Iappreciated___theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.A.havingbeengivenB.havinggivenC.tohavebeengivenD.tohavegiven2.Revolutionmeans___theproductiveforces.A.toliberate.B.tohaveliberatedC.liberatingD.havingbeingliberatedAC3.Theteacherdoesn'tpermit___inclass.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.tohaveasmoke4.Shepretended____mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseenCA二、动名词与不定式作宾语在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：A.常接不定式作宾语的动词有：wish、ask、promise、pretend、faildecide、learn、agree、manage、demand、plan、refuse、seem、expectB.常接动名词作宾语的动词有：suggest、finish、enjoy、mind、avoid、miss、practise、excuse、consider、can’thelp1.like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时，表示具体得某次动作，尤其是将来的动作；接动名词时，表示习惯、经验、体会。Ipreferbeingalone.Iprefertostayathometoday.C.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词：2.remember、forget、regret等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一已经发生了的动作。Iforgottellinghimthenews.Iforgottotellhimthenews.Idon’trememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.3.want、need、require等此后接不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。Yourwatchneedsrepairing\toberepaired.Thewindowsneedpaintingagain\tobepaintedagain.1.IfIhadremembered_______(close)thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.3.Thissentenceneeds_______(improve).toclosetorestimproving或tobeimproved4.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers___abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Theywouldnotallowhim___acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingCA6.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed___.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest___inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepairedCD8.IcanhardlyimaginePeter______(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.9._______(help)bytheirteacher,thestudentsfinishedthetasksuccessfully.Helpedsailing三、非谓语动词作状语1.现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动的动作。2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点，一是表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动作。1.时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。2.原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。3.条件状语：可加连词if,unless等；也可换成条件状语从句。4.让步状语：有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether…or等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。5.方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。A.现在分词与过去分词作状语1.表示时间（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。2.表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中）。3.表示条件（多置于句首）。4.表示让步（多置于句首）。5.表示结果（多置于句末）。6.表示方式或伴随（多置于句末）。Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.HearingWhenthebabysawitsmother,itsmiled.SeeingAstheyhopedtogetoursupport,theysentustheirstatement.HopingWhenhearingWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Don‘tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.SeenGreatlytouchedspokenIfweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Hewaswarnedofthedanger,buthestillwentskatingontheice.GivenWarnedheB.不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。Shelookedintothewindow,andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.注：表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用，构成soas(not)todo和inorder(not)todo结构，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob.=soasnottolosehisjob.动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before,after,on,by,in,without等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：C.动名词作状语Withoutsayingaword,hewentaway.OnarrivinginBeijing,hetelephonedme.Oncominginshelaidafileofdocumentsuponthetable.1._____