(三级)英语语法：定语从句

TheAttributiveClause定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,定语从句有时也可以修饰一个句子。被定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”。形式：先行词+关系词+从句ThisisthebookthatIwant.定义关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词:when,where,why关系词Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.ThebookthatIhavereadisverygood.TheboythatisreadingthebookisJim.ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisLily.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.TheboywhobrokethewindowisJohn.ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.MissWangistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.Passmethebookwhosecoverisblack.Passmethebook,ofwhichthecoverisblack.指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略√Jointhefollowingsentences:Thebookisverygood.Ihavereadit.Thebookisverygood.Ihavereadthat/which.Thebookthat/whichIhavereadisverygood.先行词和关系词的关系Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.ThegirlisMary.Wesawwhomyesterday.ThegirlwhomwesawyesterdayisMary.先行词和关系词的关系关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Helikesthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thatcametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Helikesthecheesethat/whichcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedweredelicious.Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whosmokealot.介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?关系副词when表示时间，作状语；where表示地点，作状语；why表示原因，作状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Istillremembertheday.Icamehereontheday.替换ontheday，用when,定语从句为IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.若只是替换theday,因为theday做的是on的宾语，所以用which,定语从句为IstillrememberthedayonwhichIcamehere.结论：在此句中可以用onwhich来替换when.关系副词可变为“介词＋which”IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.应根据句子的意思选用合适的介词。onwhich=wheninwhich=whereforwhich=why当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，不可用when,where或why,而应该用that或which。Ilikethecity_____thereisabeautifullake.Ilikethecity_________hasabeautifullake.wherewhich/thatThereason_____hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.Thereason__________hegaveisn’ttrue.Iwillneverforgettheday_____mysonwasborn.Iwillneverforgettheday_________IspentwithChairmanMao.whywhich/thatwhenwhich/that1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.IwenttothetownIlivedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.whenwhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhywhich/that几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词定语从句分类定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句：先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句：从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that考点：连接词which的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itBBas引导的定语从句as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected等as可以指人或物，也可以指代整个句子，常用于如：“such…as”，“as…as”，“thesame…as”等结构中ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Asanybodycansee,thisroadislikeasnake.ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.Pleasecompare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。thesameas与thesamethat的异同关系代词that与which的区别用that而不用which的情况1.先行词为不定代词all,much,little，everything,anything,nothing,none,few,one，any等IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。ThisisthebestbookthatI’veeverread.ThisisthefirstthingthatIwanttosay.3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时.ItistheonlythingthatIliketodo.4.当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时。Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyknewintheschool.用that而不用which的情况5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatspoketoyouatthegate?Whichisthestarthatisnearesttotheearth?用that而不用which的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中2.关系代词前有介词时ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.3.先行词本身是thatTheclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.钟表是告诉人们时间的。用which而不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，而which引导的从句，只可放在主句后面。Asanybodycansee,thisroadislikeasnake.Thisroadislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.Asas还有“正如…”，“正象…”之意，而which没有。AsEngelspointedout,labourcreatedmanhimself.Theclockstruckthirteen,whichmadeeveryonelaugh.1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverwork