初中英语时态超好讲解

动词的时态（二）《母鸡》老舍（12分）①我一向讨厌母鸡。不知怎样受了一点惊恐，听吧，它由前院嘎嘎到后院，由后院再嘎嘎到前院，没完没了，而且没有什么理由；讨厌！有的时候，它不这样乱叫，可是细声细气的，有什么心事似的，颤颤巍巍的，顺着墙根，或沿着田坝，那么扯长了声如怨如诉，使人心中立刻结起个小疙瘩来。②它永远不反抗公鸡。可是，有时候却欺侮那最忠厚的鸭子。更可恶的是它遇到另一只母鸡的时候，它会下毒手，乘其不备，狠狠地咬一口，咬下一撮儿毛来。③到下蛋的时候，它差不多是发了狂，恨不能使全世界都知道它这点成绩：就是聋子也会被它吵得受不下去。④可是，现在我改变了心思，我看见一只孵出一群小雏鸡的母亲。⑤不论是在院里，还是在院外，它总是挺着脖儿，表示出世界上并没有可怕的东西。一个鸟儿飞过，或是什么东西响了一声，它立刻警戒起来，歪着头儿听；挺着身儿预备作战；看看前，看看后，咕咕的警告鸡雏要马上集合到它身边来！⑥当它发现了一点可吃的东西，它咕咕地紧叫，啄一啄那个东西，马上便放下，教它的儿女吃。结果，每一只鸡雏的肚子都圆圆的下垂，像刚装了一两个汤圆儿似的，它自己却削瘦了许多。假若有别的大鸡动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时，动词用原型；一般时单数三人称，动词加“s”。一般过去时，动词加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.现在进行时,进行时例句：Iamworking.过去进行时,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。例句：Iwasworking.将来时一般将来时，would加原型。过去将来时，will加原型。Iwillwork.Iwouldwork.完成时现在完成时，have/has加过分。Ihaveworked.过去完成时，had加过分。Ihadworked.各种时态的用法一、一般现在时1.用法：A.现在经常性的动作或状态B.客观事实和真理。2.标志词:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…1.Theboyusually___(get)toschoolearly.gets2.Light______(travel)fasterthansound.travels二、一般过去时1.用法：过去的动作或状态。2.标志词：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast；justnow=amomentago随堂小练：LiMingdidn’tunderstandwhatAmericanpeoplesaid,_____?A.couldn’theB.couldheC.didn’theD.didhe三、现在进行时1.用法：A.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。2.标志词：now,Look!Listen!随堂小练：--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.A.hasplayedB.willplayC.wasplayingD.isplaying1.Look!What___thechildren___overthere?2.Thoseworkers____herethesemonths.A.areworkB.areworkedC.workD.areworkingA.are;doB.are;doingC.is;doD.isdoing3.--How__you___alongwithyourworkmates?--Verywell.A.do;getB.will;getC.can;getD.are;getting4.--MustIwatertheflowersnow?--No,youneedn’t.Jack_____them.A.iswateringB.wateringC.watersD.iswatered注意A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcomeB.comeC.amcomingD.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leave•Theboy____always____us!(夸赞)A.is;helpingB.does;helpC.can;helpD./;helpB.现在进行时和always连用，表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。•You____always_____thesamemistake!(责备)A.do;makeB.does;makeC.is;makingD.are;making四、过去进行时1.用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。2.标志词：atthattime,thistimeyesterday,then,when…1.Father______whenI_____yesterdaymorning.A.stillslept,gotupB.wasstillsleeping,gotupC.issleeping,gotupD.sleeps,getup2.She___applesinhergardenwhenI____toseeheryesterday.A.picked，wentB.waspicking，wentC.picked，wasgoingD.waspicking，wasgoing五、一般将来时1.用法：将来的动作或状态。2.结构：willshallbegoingto3.标志词：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon+V.(原型)（第一人称）4.shall/will/begoingto之间的区别：1计划决定要做某事，一般用begoingtodo结构。shall往往用于第一人称疑问句,will可用于任何人称。2will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。31.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobeB.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave2.Thetwins____tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.aregoD.went3.---When____wehavethemeeting?---At8.A.areB.shallC.wouldD.will4.--When___you___forLondon?--Nextweek.A.will;leavingB.are;leavingC.shall;leaveD.have;left六、过去将来时1.用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。2.结构：wouldwas/were/goingto+v.(原型)1.--Whatdidhesayyesterday?--Hesaidhe____toSydneynextweek.A.goesB.willgoC.wouldgoD.aregoing2.--DidyoursonfailhisEnglishexamonceagain?--Yes,buthetoldmehe____hardnextterm.A.studiesB.isstudyingC.willstudyD.wouldstudy试题：1.用法：12七、现在完成时现在完成时过去现在影响：作业都做完了，我能出去玩会儿吗？这该死的！我都等了一个小时了，他怎么还不来？过去的动作对现在的影响。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.过去的动作持续到现在。Ihavestayedhereforanhour！2.标志词：already,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：动作都在过去。不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)4.易错点：121havegoneto+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）TheyhavegonetoEurope.(Theyarenothere.)havebeento+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）IhavebeentoEurope.(IamnotinEuropenow.)3havebeenin+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。IhavebeeninEuropeforthreeweeks.(IamnowstillinEurope.)25.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.They__________since10yearsago.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhaveknownhavekepthavehad1.--Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?--Justtwoweeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.--Howlonghaveyou____here?--Since1997.A.arrivedB.movedC.comeD.lived3.--Ican’tfindmypen.____you____itanywhere?--No.Look!What’sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seenB.Do;seeC.Did;seeD.Had;seen4.--I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I__hereforonlyafewminutes.A.willbeB.wasC.amD.havebeen5.Iwon’tgotoseethefilmbecauseI____theticket.A.lostB.havelostC.willlostD.didn’tlost八、过去完成时1.用法：发生在过去的过去的动作。Theyh