高中语法之冠词

冠词的用法THEARTICLE冠词的用法：冠词定冠词不定冠词(DefiniteArticle)(IndefiniteArticle)(Article)1.定冠词的基本用法1）定冠词的特指用法定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，比如重提上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词：Isawagirlandanoldmaninthehouse.Theoldmanmustbethegirl’sgrand-father.2)在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词：IsthisthetrainforShanghai?Theflowersinhergardensmellfragrant.Hereisthelettertobeposted.ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.3)当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词：I’mjustbackfromthemarket.Hasthepostmanbeenhere?4)当名词前带有first,next,last,same,only等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词：WhenisthenextflighttoBeijing.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.ThisistheonlycopyIhaveevercollected.2.定冠词的类指用法1）用“定冠词+单数名词”可泛指同一类的人和物：Thetigerandthecatbelongtothesamefamilyofmammals.Thebookisusedfortheteacher,notforthestudent.2)“用定冠+表示国籍的形容词”可泛指整个民族或国人。TheChineseareagreat,hardworking,andbraverypeople.3.定冠词的其他用法1）在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词：thesun,themoon,theearth,thenorthernpole,theequator2）在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词。TheSahara,theAtlantic,theChangjiangriver3)在乐器名称前，要用定冠词TomplayedthepianoandIplayedtheviolin.4)在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。TheBrownshavearrived.5)用在人体部位名词前。Heseizedmebythearm.(hit/strike/beat)+sb.+in/on+the+部位IhitTomonthenose/shoulder/head.Hestruckthethiefintheeyes/face.(pull/seize/lead/catch)+sb.+by+the+部位Sheledthecowbythenose.Iseizedherbythehand/hair.2.不定冠词(a,an)的基本用法1）不定冠词的类指用法不定冠词与单数名词搭配可泛指一类的任何物，即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。Acarmustbeinsured.Ahorseisausefulanimal.2)不定冠词的指量用法不定冠词在下列结构中有“一个”的含义，属于指量用法：Iwillbebackinadayortwo.3.零冠词的用法“零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词”可用于非确定特指。Therearepeoplewaitingtocomein.Hebroughtusinformationabouttheaccident.Pencils,pens,andpiecesofpaperwerespreadalloverthetable.*零冠词也可与表示家庭成员的单数名词搭配作确定特指。Maryasked“WhyisFatheroutofwork?*在表示餐食，交通工具，通讯工具的名词之前，通常用零冠词。AfterlunchIusuallytakeanap.Iusuallytravelbytrain,notbyairHesentthemessagenotbypost,butbyradio.*在表示四季，年月，周日，时间的名词之前，通常用零冠词。Springhascomearoundagain.OnSundayIusuallytakemychildrentothepark.InFebruary,itisalreadyverywarminHainan.Heworkedbydayandstudiedbynight.*零冠词还用于以下场合：gotoschool,gotohospital,gotowork,gotochurch,gototown,playfootball,playbridge,playchess,inhospital,atwork,inprison,intown,inbed,indangerof,onboard学科，球类和棋类名词前不用冠词。DoyouhaveChinese?Ilikeplayingbasketball/chess.有无a/an和the的差异1.infrontof在……（外）的前面inthefrontof在……（内）的前面There’sagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.There’sablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.2.inchargeof掌管；负责inthechargeof在……负责之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.3.attable在用饭；吃饭时atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.4.byday白天；日间bytheday按日计Heworksinanofficebyday.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.5.inwords用言语inaword总之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtinwords.Inaword,Idon’ttrustyou.6.amostinteresting非常有趣的themostinteresting最有趣的（形容词的最高级）Thisisamostinterestingstory.Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.7.adoctorandnurse一位医生兼护士adoctorandanurse一位医生和一位护士Adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.Adoctorandanursearestandingthere.8.anumberof许多；好些thenumberof…（的）数目Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.特殊用法（考试重点）1.三餐饭前有形容词修饰时可接a/an。Wejusthadabigsupper.我们刚刚吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。2.季节，月份若有定语修饰，要加“the”。Thestoryhappedinthespringof1945.故事发生在1945年的春天。3.在不可数名词前加a/an表“一阵”，“一场”，“一种”等。Physicsisascience.物理是一门科学。Aknockofthedoorwasheard.听到一阵敲门声。astrongwind（一阵大风）aslightrain（一场小雨）4.某些抽象名词前加a/an表“一件具体的事”。Whatapleasantsurpriseitis!这是一件多么令人惊呀的事！Themeetingisafailure.5.上下文中出现同一名词，但各有所指，名词前都用a/an。----Haveyouseenacat?----Isitablackone?6.在序数词加a/an表”又,再”.Ifwehavetime,wewilltryasecondtime.7.在比较级前加不定冠词a/an表泛指:一个更为….ThisisamoreinterestingstorythanwhatIhaveread.8.在比较级前加定冠词表特指.the+比较级+ofthetwo.Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.