RBV(资源基础理论)的经典文献及摘要

TheoryinRBVa)Penrose,1959.TheoryoftheGrowthoftheFirm.Theme:1)Theinternalresourcesofafirm-theproductiveservicesavailabletoafirmfromitsownresources,particularlytheproductiveservicesavailablefrommanagementwithexperiencewithinthefirm.2)Asmanagementtriestomakethebestuseoftheresourcesavailable,atruly'dynamic'interactingprocessoccurswhichencouragescontinuousgrowthbutlimitstherateofgrowth.RQ:Assumingthatsomefirmscangrow,whatprincipleswillgoverntheirgrowth,andhowfastandhowlongcantheygrow?Alternatively,assumingthatthereareopportunitiesforexpansioninaneconomy,whatdeterminesthekindoffirmthatwilltakeadvantageofthemandtowhatextent?Whatisafirm:a)Economics:Price(p)andOutput(q)--Optimalsizeproblem.(Size=output)b)TheFirmasanadministrativeorganization(centralmanagement)c)TheFirmasacollectionofproductiveresources.--Resources:physicalresourcesandhumanresources.--Servicesyieldedbyresources--Thesizeofafirmshouldbemeasuredwithrespecttothepresentvalueofthetotalofitsresourcesusedforitsownproductivepurposes.Themotivationofthefirm:a)Theprofitmotive:Thefinancialandinvestmentdecisionsoffirmsarecontrolledbyadesiretoincreasetotallong-runprofits.b)Growthandprofitsbecomeequivalentasthecriteriafortheselectionofinvestmentprograms.InheritedResourcesandtheDirectionofExpansion1)FirmGrowth:ExternalandInternalinducement/obstacles-Internalobstaclesarisewhenservices(inparticularthemanagerialcapacityandthetechnicalskills)requiredforexpansionarenotavailableinsufficientamountswithinthefirm.-Internalinducementsariselargelyfromtheexistenceofapoolofunusedproductiveservices,resources,andspecialknowledge.2)Thecontinuingavailabilityofunusedservices:强调人与资产的循环互动,相互推动,相互开发.a)Solongasanyresourcesarenotusedfullyincurrentoperations,thereisanincentiveforafirmtofindawayofusingthemmorefully.b)NoequilibriumpositionIndivisibilityofresources:There'salwaysunusedservicesIntheprocessofutilizingunusedservices,newtypesofresourceswillalwaysbeaddedtothefirm'scollectionofresources.c)'Idle'servicesand'specialized'services:Specializationleadstohighercommonmultiplies,highercommonmultipliesleadstogreaterspecialization.--Specialization--Diversification--Specialization......d)Newserviceswillalsobecomeavailablefromexistingresources.Interactionbetweenpersonnelandmaterialresources:Notonlycanthepersonnelofafirmrenderheterogeneousvarietiesofservices,butalsothematerialresourcescanbeusedindifferentways,ifthepeoplewhoworkwiththemgetdifferentideas.e)Thecreationofnewproductiveservices.Theservicesthatresourceswillyielddependonthecapacitiesofthemenusingthem,butthedevelopmentofthecapacitiesofmenispartlyshapedbytheresourcesmendealwith.3)DemandandResourcesDemandisanecessaryconditionofentrepreneurialinterestinanyproduct,buttheoriginalincentivetoagreatdealofinnovationcanbefoundinafirm'sdesiretouseitsexistingresourcesmoreefficiently.4)TheDirectionofExpansionNewcombinationspreviouslyacquiredorinheritedresourcesandotherresourceswhichmustbeobtainedfromthemarket.b)Wernerfelt,1984.AResource-BasedViewofthefirm.Theme:tolookatfirmsintermsofresourcesratherthanproducts;&Sequentialentry.Resource:anythingwhichcouldbethoughtofasastrengthorweaknessofagivenfirm.Definition:Tangibleorintangibleassetswhicharetiedsemi-permanentlytothefirm.1.Resourceandprofitability1)Generaleffect:monopolisticbargainingpower,substitution2)FirstMoverAdvantage-Resourcepositionbarriers(VS.entrybarrier-entrybarrier是针对incumbent和potentialentrants,未考虑diversifier.)3)Attractiveresources(difficultforotherstocatchup)4)MergersandAcquisitions:totradeotherwisenon-marketableresourcesandtobuyorsellresourcesinbundles.2.Dynamicresourcemanagement1)Theresource-productmatrix2)Sequentialentry-todeveloptheresourceinonemarketandthentoenterothermarketsfromapositionofstrength.3)Exploitanddevelop-abalancebetweenexploitationofexistingresourcesanddevelopmentofnewones.4)Steppingstones-diversificationstepmustbeevaluatedintermsofshort-termbalanceeffectandlong-termfunctionassteppingstonestofurtherexpansion.c)Barney,1986.Strategicfactormarkets:expectations,luckandbusinessstrategy.Theme:Abovenormaleconomicreturnscomesfrommoreaccurateexpectations(originatedfromuniqueskillsandcapabilities)orluckfromthestrategicfactormarket.1.Strategicfactormarkets:wherefirmsbuyandselltheresourcesnecessarytoimplementtheirstrategies.2.Expectationandluckinstrategicfactormarket3.Toobtainabovenormalreturns:a)mustbeconsistentlybetterinformedconcerningthefuturevalueofthosestrategies;b)therearesomewaystobebetterinformed1)byanalysisofcompetitiveenvironment:lesslikelytosystematicallygeneratetheexpectationadvantagesbecausethemethodologiesforcollectingthisinformationandtheconceptualmodelsforanalyzingitareinthepublicdomain.2)byanalysisofuniqueskillandcapabilities:toanalyzeinformationabouttheassetsafirmalreadycontrolsbutarenotavailabletootherfirms(specialmanufacturingknow-how,businessexperience,TMT...).d)Barney,1991,FirmResourcesandSustainedCompetitiveAdvantage.Assumptions:Firmsmaybeheterogeneousandresourcesmaynotbeperfectlymobile.Keyconcepts:-FirmRes