现在分词作状语

-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。现在分词作状语WhileReadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Afterhavingdinner,shewentoutforawalk.吃完晚饭，她出去散步。。BecauseNotknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.Ifworkinghard,you’llsucceed.Thoughgettingupearly,hedidn’tcatchthebus.–ing分词短语作结果状语。如：Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。1、分词(短语)作状语时,前后两个动作的主语是同一个人。2、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词。（when;while;if;though;unless等）3、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not,never等否定词构成。使用-ing形式需注意的2个问题.•注意2：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句．•现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语•Timepermitting,I’llcallonyouthisSunday.•Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.•分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修饰全句•Judgingfromhisaccent,heseemedtobefromHunanprovince.•=Ifwejudge…•Consideringhisage,hewashelpedbytheyoungfellow.注意：1.现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必修与主句中主语一致。它们之间是主动关系。被动则用V-ed.但是短语generallyspeaking;judgingfrom/by;comparedwith;supposing;totellyouthetruth,considering等是固定搭配。不受主语影响。Judgingfromhisface,hewasveryangry.•现在分词作状语有四种形式•1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成．•2.完成形式，由having+过去分词．•3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词•4.完成被动式：由havingbeen＋过去分词构成•现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)1.现在分词何时用一般形式?•⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式．•Hewasillanddidn’tattendthemeeting.•=Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.•⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.•Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.2.现在分词何时用完成形式？•当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式．•Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.•=Aftershefinishedtheclass…3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？•当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时．•Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受．Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.•3、用V+ing一般式还是Having+done完成式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等。1).Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.条件状语IfyouuseyourheadIfyouworkhard2).Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.Notknowingheraddress,wecan’tgetintouchwithher.(原因)BecausehewaspoorAswedon’tknowheraddress3).Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor’sshop.4).Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.时间WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.结果andthisleftthefamilyevenworseoff5)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleenteredtheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.6)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.伴随状语方式2.作状语的V-ing形式和句子之间通常有一个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。Studyinghard,andyouwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.Studyinghard,youwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.FTT1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmaking1.Thestrangersaidsomethingina_______voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch_______.A.frightening,frightenedB.frightened,frighteningC.frightening,frighteningD.frightened,frightenedChoosethebestanswer.2.________thepiano,someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor.A.PlayingB.WhenIwasplayingC.RepairingD.Examining3.Mothercaughttheboy______inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.beingsmokedD.smoking4.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted5.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather”,saidBob,____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked6.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin7.Thebell_______theendoftheperiodrang,______ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted8._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered9.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting10.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing11.______inthequeueforhalfanhour.Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited12.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.HavinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung13.Generallyspeaking,______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken1.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_____Chineseintheschool,most_____werefromGermany.（2006年辽宁卷）A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom2.Don’tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.（2006年湖北卷A.doB.todo