安徽省中考英语总复习语法专项复习语法九动词及动词短语课件

安徽语法九动词及动词短语考点一常见易混动词辨析1．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”spend主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend...on...;spend...(in)doingsth.pay主语是人，指花费金钱。pay...for...＝spend...oncost主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth.cost(s)(sb.)．..take多用it作形式主语，指花费时间。Ittakessb....todosth.＝Sb.spend(s)...(in)doingsth.Momneverspendsanymoneyonherself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?I'llpayitbacknextweek.你能借给我12块钱吗？我下周还你。Itwon'tcostyouapennyforthefirstsixmonths.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。2．look/watch/see/read表示“看”look看(动作)；可单独成句；lookat...watch看(电视、比赛)；注视see看见(结果)；看望；理解(Isee.)read看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心★look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。★看病(看医生)用seeadoctor表示。3．speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”speak发言；说(某种语言)say说(内容)；写有talk谈论；talkaboutsth.;talkto/withsb.tell告诉；讲述；tellsb.(not)todosth.4.感官系动词look/taste/sound/feel/smelllook看起来(视觉)taste尝起来(味觉)sound听起来(听觉)feel摸起来(触觉)smell闻起来(嗅觉)5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”borrow借用；borrowsth.fromsb.lend借给；lendsth.tosb.keep借用若干时间；keep...for2days6.hope/wish/expecthope希望；hopetotosth.;hope＋that从句wish但愿、希望；wishtodosth.;wishsb.todosth.;wish＋that从句expect期待、期望；expecttodosth.;expectsb.todosth.7.forget/leaveforget表示“忘记”时，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用leave在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用8.hear/listen/soundhear听见；hear＋名词(强调听的结果)listen听；listento＋名词(强调听的过程)sound听起来；sound＋形容词(强调听的效果)9.wear/puton/dress/beinwear“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等puton“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“takeoff”dress“穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dressonself“打扮；给自己穿衣服”bein表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词10.reach/get/arrivereach“到达”，是及物动词(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)get“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词toarrive“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或in(一般用于较大的地方)1．(2018·广东普宁模拟)Idon'tknowtherestaurant,butit'stobequiteagoodone.A．saidB．toldC．spokenD．talked2．(2018·广西贵港港南二模)—Howmuchmoneydidheyouyesterday?—500yuan.ItoldhimIwouldreturnittohiminthreeweeks.A．giveB．borrowC．lendD．make3．(2018·山东东营广饶模拟)IreallyenjoythefreshfishsoupinLanhaiInternationalHotel.Itdelicious.A．feelsB．soundsC．smellsD．tastes4．(2018·甘肃定西中考改编)—Ican'tfindmyEnglishtextbook.—Isitpossiblethatyouitathome?A．lostB．sawC．leftD．forgot考点二动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。1．同一动词的不同搭配(1)look短语lookafter照料；照顾lookat看lookfor寻找；寻求lookforwardto盼望；期待lookout注意；当心；向外看lookthrough快速查看；浏览lookup(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看lookupto钦佩；仰慕(2)cut短语cutdown砍倒cutoff切除cutout删除；删去cutup切碎(3)run短语runafter追逐；追赶runaway跑开runout(of)用尽；耗尽(4)turn短语turndown调低turnup调高turn...into变成turnon接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开turnoff关掉turnleft/right向左/右转(5)take短语takeafter(外貌或行为)像takecareof照顾；处理takedown拆除；往下拽；记录takein吸入；吞入(体内)takeoff脱下；起飞takeplace发生；出现takeup(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做(6)get短语getdressed穿上衣服getinto陷入；参与getlost迷路getoff下车geton上车getonwith与……相处getup起床；站起(7)use短语be/getusedto习惯于beusedtodo被用来做……usedto曾经……；过去……(8)give短语giveaway赠送；捐赠giveout分发；散发giveup放弃givein屈服giveoff发出(光、气味等)；长出(枝、杈等)(9)call短语call(sb.)back(给某人)回电话callin召来；叫来callup打电话给(某人)；征召(10)come短语cometrue实现；成为现实comeupwith想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)(11)bring短语bringback恢复；使想起；归还bringout使显现；使表现出bringup养育；抚养(12)fall短语fallasleep进入梦乡；睡着falldown突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fallinlovewith爱上；喜欢上fallover绊倒(13)go短语goalong(thestreet)沿着(这条街)走gooff(闹钟)发出响声goout外出(娱乐)(14)make短语makesure确保；查明makeup编造(故事、谎言等)makeadecision做决定makefunof取笑makeuseof利用(15)put短语puton增加(体重)；发胖putoff推迟putup搭建；举起；张贴putaway收拾(整理)好putsth.togooduse好好利用某物putout熄灭(16)set短语setout出发；启程setup建起；建立2．同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配(1)up短语cheerup(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来cleanup打扫(或清除)干净dressup装扮；乔装打扮endup最终成为；最后处于fixup修理；装饰growup长大；成熟hurryup赶快；急忙pickup捡起；接电话showup赶到；露面stayup熬夜wakeup醒；叫醒(2)out短语blowout吹灭checkout察看；观察clearout清理；丢掉findout查明；弄清handout分发hangout闲逛；常去某处layout摆开；布置leaveout不包括；不提及；忽略sellout卖光workout成功地发展；解决(3)down短语diedown逐渐变弱；逐渐消失let...down使失望liedown躺下pull...down拆下；摧毁lookdown瞧不起writedown写下；记录下(4)with短语agreewith同意；赞成compare...with比较；对比connect...with...把……和……连接或联系起来dealwith应付；处理sharewith分享partwith放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)3．完全不同的动词词组askfor请求；恳求(给予)carefor照顾；非常喜欢believein信任；信赖careabout关心；在意clean...off把……擦掉dependon依靠；信赖divide...into把……分开separatefrom分开；分离hearfrom接到(某人的)信、电话等throwaway扔掉；抛弃dropby顺便访问；随便进入stickto坚持；固守payattentionto注意；关注passby路过；经过payfor付费；付出代价preparefor...为……做准备pulltogether齐心协力；通力合作shutoff关闭；停止运转takesb.'splace代替、替换某人的位置thinkof认为1．(2018·山东临沂费县一模)Inabasketballgame,it'sveryimportantfortheplayerstoplaytogetherandthebestineachother.A．handoutB．bringoutC．takeoutD．leaveout2．(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟改编)—Oneofthebiggestproblemsformeisprocrastination(拖延症).WhatshouldIdo?—whatyouneedtodofirst,andgoforittoday.A．WatchoutB．WorkoutC．WearoutD．Lookout3．(2018·湖北丹江口3月诊断)—Becarefulnottotheletter“b”whenyouspelltheword“climb”．—Thankyouforremindingmeofthat.A．layoutB．leaveoutC．bringoutD．findout4．(2018·江苏常州常熟一模)—Excuseme,sir.Butsmokingisnotallowedhere.—Sorry,Ididn'tseethesign.I'llmycigarette(香烟)atonce.A．putoutB．putawayC．putupD．putoff5．(2018·湖北襄阳中考)—Mom,canIleavethechorestilltomorrow?—I'mafraidnot.Youcan'ttoday'sworktilltomorrow.A．putoffB．turndownC．giveawayD．lookup6．(2018·湖北宜昌中考)—We'renotsupposedtothosewhofailed.—Noonecanbeawinnerallthetime.A．turnoutB．laughatC．spreadoutD．sharewith考点三情态动词原形与过去式用法例句can/could表示能力(＝beableto)Tomcanswim.＝Tomisabletoswim.(疑问句中)表示请求CanIhelpyou?Couldyougiveusahand？(否定句、疑问句中)表示可能性Canthenewsbetru