Unit5-First-aid-Grammar省略句语法

Unit5GrammarEllipsis为了使语言简洁或避免重复,我们要怎样做呢?本单元我们将接触一种新的语法现象省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可以省略。省略可分为以下几种情况：Grammar–Ellipsis(省略）1)(You)Comein,please.2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.3)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.4)(I)Begyourpardon.简单句中的省略1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。1)(It)Soundsagoodidea.2)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?3)(Wouldyoulike)Somethingtodrink?4)(Youcome)Thisway,please.2.省略主语或谓语的一部分可以省略宾语的全部;可以省略作宾语的动词不定式,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have。3.省略宾语1)---DoyouknowMissHu?---Idon’tknow(her).2)Don’ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto(touch).3)---Areyouateacher?---No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).4)---Hehasn’tfinishedthetask.---Well,heoughttohave(finishit).1)---Areyouthirsty?---Yes,Iam(thirsty).2)Hisbrotherisn’tlazy.Norishissister(lazy).4.省略表语1)---Areyoufeelingbetternow?---(I’mfeeling)Better(now).2)---Whendidyoureadthenovel?---(Ireadit)Longago.3)Let’smeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday.5.同时省略几个句子成分两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分．1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.3)Lin’sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).并列句中的省略1)(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.2)(It’sa)Pitythatyoumissedsuchagoodchance.主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有主语和谓语被省略Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略1.连词的that省略(1)宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只省略第一个thatHesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.(2)在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略Thebook(that)Iborrowedyesterdaywashers.其他省略2.在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分有be动词时,可省去“主语+be”部分1When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.2As(hewas)achild,helivedinIndia.3If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.4Though(heis)young,heknowsalot.3.不定式符号to的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的to。Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.(2)help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面不定式不带to。Theboydidnothingbutplay.(4)某些使役动词（let,make,have）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.(5)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.(6)find当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.但如果是不定式tobe，则不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.4.条件从句中有should,were或had时,可以省略if,但要将should,were或had提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Nowit’syourturntofindoutwhathavebeenleftout.1.Haven’tseenyouforages.2.Somemoretea?3.Soundslikeagoodidea.Ihaven’tseenyouforages.Wouldyoulikesomemoretea?That/Itsoundslikeagoodidea.Itdoesn’tmatter.I’msorrytohearthat.4.Doesn’tmatter.5.Sorrytohearthat.6.Pityyoucouldn’tcome7.Thisway,please.It’s/Whatapityyoucouldn’tcome.Step/Comethisway,please.8.Terribleweather!9.Joiningusforadrink?10.Goingtothesupermarket?Whatterribleweatheritis!Areyoujoiningusforadrink?Areyougoingtothesupermarket?Choosethebestanswers.1)----Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-----IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)----Aren’tyouthemanager?----No,andI______A.don’twanttoB.don’twanttobeC.don’twantbeD.don’twant4)---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbegladto5)----Won’tyouhaveanothertry?----________.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,Iwon’thaveC.Yes,Iwon’tD.Yes,Iwill6)-----Iwon’tdoitanymore.-----_______?A.WhynotB.Whydon’tdoanymoreC.WhynotdoD.Whydon’t7)----Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?----______.A.Idon’tthinkB.No,Idon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.No,Idon’tso8)----Haveyoufedthecat?----No,but______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingto1.Thehouserentisexpensive,I’vegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandI’mpaying_____here.A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimesC.muchasthreetimesD.threetimesasmuch高考链接D解析：答案D。修饰比较级的threetimes只能置于比较结构之前，不能置于其后或其中；本题中比较状语从句部分被省略。2.Whatwouldhavehappened____,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC解析：答案C。whatwouldhavehappened暗示后面，使用虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反；当if省略时，可将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装；用if从句表达则是ifBobhadwalkedfarther题意：如果鲍勃走得更远些，走到河岸边会发生什么事呢？3.Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplainedA解析：答案A。explain作“解释”讲为及物动词，须接宾语；此处关系代词that或which被省略；why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，相当于forwhich。4.Thedisc,digitally_______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedA解析：答案A。因thedisc与record之间存在逻辑的被动关系，且动作发生在过去，须用过去分词作定语，相当于whichwasdigitallyrecordedinthestudio。5.________besenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.Doyo