高中英语主谓一致讲解

主谓一致主谓一致考点定义:“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。原则1.语法一致原则2.意义一致原则3.就近一致原则语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。一.语法定义:主语是单数,谓语也是单数,主语是复数谓语也是复数.1.非谓语动词做主语Toseeistobelieve.Askingcostsnothing.Lyingandstealingareimmoral.（2)用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是一个人，同一事，同一抽象概念，且and后名词无冠词,谓语动词用_____，如:Thewriterandsinger______comingtomorrow.否则用复数。(1)以“and”或“both…and”连接的并列主语,通常作______用。有些and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:breadandbutter,knifeandfork,whiskyandsoda(威士忌加苏打水),steelandironis单数复数(3)Every…and(every)…,each…and(each)…,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语以及morethanone...和manya...作主语时,谓语动词都用_________.语法一致Eg:Everydeskandeverychair_____madeofwood.Manyaboyand(manya)girl_____madethesamemistake单数ishas语法一致(4)“a/an+单名+andahalf”,“oneandahalf+复名”常接_____谓语；①Ayearandahalf_____passed.②Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthedesk.hasis单数(5)不定代词each,either,neither,another,theother等作主语通常用____谓语动词;其中,eachof+复数代词，谓语动用_____。复数代词+each，谓语动词用_______。如语法一致Eachofus______adictionary.Weeach_________adictionary.hashave单数单数复数1.Servingthepeople_____mygreathappiness.2.Whenwe’llgooutforanouting___________decided.3.Togetthemostprofits______thecommonaimofbusinessmen.（6）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用_______，如：ishasbeenis单数语法一致(7)当主语与谓语之间插有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas;but,except,besides,otherthan;ratherthan;like;including等引起的短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的影响，依然与_______保持一致主语Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:BobBob_____aworker.isMikeMikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeitherofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则are(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。isis1.either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.2.1)Every…and(every)…2)each…and(each)…3)no…and(no)…,4)manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语，Eachofthestudentshasabook.谓语用单数。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.三、概念一致原则所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。areisNoneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。isis2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。isare5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。(一).就前一致:(即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致)名词A++名词B这样的结构做主语，谓语动词仅与A一致。1.Mary,togetherwithherparents,____________(去过)theSummerPalacetwice.2.Theteacheraswellasherstudents________fondofpopularmusicverymuch.3.AllbutTom_______________(know)thetruthsofar.with;togetherwith;alongwithbut;except;besidesincluding;aswellas;inadditiontonot;ratherthan;like…..hasbeento-----is-----------haveknown---4.He,ratherthanyou,_________________(应受责备)(二).就后一致:(即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致)+名词作主语时，谓语动词取决于后面名词的数1.Onethirdofthestudentsinourclass_________girls.2.Seventypercentofthesurfaceoftheearth_______coveredwith/bywater.分数+of;百分数+ofsomeof;partof;halfof;mostof;therestof;….istoblame----are--------------is-------------------------3.Halfoftheproject____________________(complete)inthepasttwomonths.4.Somestudentsarestudyingintheclassroom,whiletherest______enjoyingtheperformances.(三)就近一致：连接的词作主语，谓语动词与最邻近的主语一致……or……either……or……neither…….nor……notonly……butalso……not……but……Therebe……hasbeencompleted-------------are1.______youorhetoattendtomorrow’smeeting?2.Eitheryouorhe______mistaken.3.NeitherMarynorherparents_________inforrockmusic.4.There_____apenandsomebooksonthetable.Are▲is▲go▲is▲(六)分两种情况对比掌握:1.集合名词如family,team,class,group,population作主语,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数.如果指集体里每一个成员,谓语用复数.1.Ourclass_______abigone.Ourclass______fondofmusic.isare2.ThepopulationofChina_______farlargerthanthatofJapan.EightypercentofthepopulationinChina________farmers.2.单复数同形的词如sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,means(方法,手段),works(著作,工厂)作主语,谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数.1.Every