供热外网及换热站毕业设计

本科毕业设计说明书题目：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：完成日期：I目录摘要·······························ⅢABSTRACT····························Ⅳ1绪论·······························11.1设计题目··························································································11.2设计原始资料············································································12热负荷的计算···························32.1集中供热系统及热负荷························32.2热负荷延续时间图··························43热水供热管网的设计························73.1热水供热管道的平面布置型式及设计要点················73.2供热管道的敷设···························83.3热水管网系统的定压方式······················103.4热媒的选择····························124热水供暖网路的水力计算及水压图················144.1热水采暖系统的水力计算······················144.2热水网路的水压图·························185换热站及其设备选择·······················225.1换热站的作用与类型························225.2换热站连接方式··························225.3换热器的基本类型与构造······················225.4换热器选型计算··························235.5水泵的选型计算··························265.6分汽缸分水器及集水器·······················295.7除污器的选择···························295.8补水箱的选择···························30II6供热管道及附件·························316.1管道和阀门····························316.2管道的保温与防腐·························317热系统的运行调节························347.1初调节原理····························347.2集中调节·························································································357.3管网布置的合理性·························357.4管道水力计算的经济性分析·····················358小结·······························36谢辞·······························37参考文献······························38附录·······························39III摘要随着我国城市建设事业的发展，以及国家对于能源与环境保护的要求，供暖系统的规模从单幢采暖系统发展成为中大型区域集中供暖系统，出现了大量住宅，公共建筑的集中供暖系统。集中供暖在节能和坏境保护方面都有很大的优势，发展速度很快。本设计题目为某学校的集中供暖设计。本工程是由济南市某学校投资兴建，旨在改善教职员工的教学条件，引进高层次人才，保证高层次人才的居住、办公环境，为教职员工提供一流的人文的居住、工作条件，并能达到A级教学、生活的标准。本工程分为教学楼、综合楼、会堂、学术交流中心、餐厅、宿舍等工程，总建筑面积为96756.5m2。集中供热是以热水或蒸汽作为热媒，从一个或多个热源通过供热管网，向一个城镇或较大区域的各热用户供应热能的方式。集中供热系统的热用户有供暖、通风、热水供应、空调调节、生产工艺等用热系统。这些用热系统热负荷的性质及其大小是供热规划和设计的重要依据。整个设计严格按照规范，充分考虑技术，经济同时关注节能，使整个热网有一个较高的效率。换热站的设计主要包括设备的布置，定位尺寸确定，换热器的选型，循环水泵，补给水泵的选型及辅助设备的选择计算。本次设计以节能建筑的热指标为基础，以热网的精确调节为最终目标，尽量降低热网的各项指标，尽量应用精确调节的阀门和设备，为计量供热打好基础。关键词：供暖系统；热负荷；水力计算；换热站；直埋敷设；IVABSTRACTWiththecityconstruct'sdevelopingandenergysaveandenvironmentrequire,theheatingsystemshavechangedfromsingleheatingtodistrictheating.SomanydistrictheatingsystemcomeoutinmanynorthcitiesinChina.Thisdesigntopicforaschoolofcentralheatingdesign.Thisprojectisinvestedbyjinansomeschools,aimstoimproveteachingconditionsoffaculty,staff,theintroductionofhigh-levelpersonnel,toensurehighleveltalentedperson'sresidence,officeenvironment,forstafftoprovidefirst-classhumanliving,workingconditions,andcanachieveAlevelofteaching,thestandardoflife.Thisprojectisdividedintothebuilding,thecomplexbuilding,hall,academicexchangecenter,restaurants,dormitoriesandotherprojects,atotalconstructionareaof96756.5m2.Centralheatinginhotwaterorsteamasheatmedium,fromoneormoreheatsourcesbyheatingpipenetwork,toatownoralargerareaofeachheatuserssupplyheat.Thecentralheatingsystemofheatuserswithheating,ventilation,hotwatersupply,airconditioning,suchasproductiontechnologywithhotsystemadjustment.Theseusethepropertiesofthethermalsystemheatloadanditssizeisimportantbasisofheatingplanninganddesign.Thewholedesigninstrictaccordancewiththespecification,maturetechnology,economicfocusonenergysavingatthesametime,makethewholenetworkhasahigherefficiency.Heatexchangerstationdesignmainlyincludestheequipmentlayout,locationsize,selectionofheatexchanger,circulatingpump,supplywaterpumpselectionandtheselectionofauxiliaryequipmentcalculation.Thisdesignbasedonthethermalindexesofenergysavingbuildings,inheatsupplynetworkofpreciseadjustmentastheultimategoal,toreducetheheatsupplynetworkoftheindicatorsasfaraspossible,trytouseprecisecontrolvalvesandequipment,providedabasisforheatmetering.KeyWords:Heatingsystems;hotmatchmaker;heatsource;convection;radiation-1-1绪论1.1设计题目某学校供热工程设计1.1.1设计工程概况本工程是由济南市某学校投资兴建，旨在改善教职员工的教学条件，引进高层次人才，保证高层次人才的居住、办公环境，为教职员工提供一流的人文的居住、工作条件，并能达到A级教学、生活的标准。本工程分为教学楼、综合楼、会堂、学术交流中心、餐厅、宿舍等工程，总建筑面积为96756.5m2。1.1.2建筑说明本工程要求：综合楼、学术交流中心采用空调、餐厅、宿舍采用采暖系统。工程采用全现浇框架结构，外墙采用抗渗透混凝土，地面以上200厚空心砖，用聚苯板保温，内隔墙除地下室与地面以上局部墙体采用240砖墙外，其它墙体采用100厚轻钢龙骨石膏板（用于卫生间），按照节能65%的标准建造。1.1.3工作任务设计图纸、相关曲线图以及设计说明书。图纸包括：室外供热管网平面布置图（要求标出每座建筑物的流量和负荷）、沿管道纵向剖面图、支座大样图；换热站设备布置平面图、换热站管道平面布置图、换热站流程图、换热站轴测图（或剖面图）、管网及换热站控制原理图、主要设备材料明细表；设计施工说明等。说明书由全部设计步骤及计算和计算结果整理而成，其中包括原始资料、设计方案论证、设计计算、设备及附件选择、材料清单、设计施工说明、工程概算以及专题论述等。1.2设计原始资料1.2.1设计地区室外气象条件冬季：空调室外计算温度tw=-10℃；供暖室外计算温度tw=-7℃室外大气压力p=1020.2mbar；主导风向：EN室外平均风速：V=3.2m/s；最大冻土深度:h=0.44m日平均温度Tm=+5℃的天数106天；极端最低温度:-13.7℃夏季：-2-室外计算温度tw=34.8℃；室外计算湿球温度：tm=26.7℃室外空调日平均温度：twm=31.3℃；温度日较差：△t=6.7℃大气压力：p=998.5mbar；室外风速：V=2.8m/s；主导风向：西南风1.2.2室内设计参数位置夏季温度（℃）冬季温度（℃）相对湿度（%.）噪声值[dB（A）]大堂26±220±255±5≤50餐厅26±220±2≤55卧室26±222±255±≤501.2.3设计冷热媒及参数1供暖风机盘管供水温度60℃，回水温度为50℃；采暖供水温度80℃，回水温度为60℃。2有城市高温供水130/70℃进入换热站1.2.4基本设计要求1、平面图a、首先用细实线将土建平面图描下来；b、再绘制供暖平面图。在图上注明管段的管径、阀门、补偿器、固定支架、活动支架的位置及型号。2、轴测图供、回水干管，线型与平面图相同，立、支管，线型较干管稍细即可。各管段应标出管径、阀门、排气装置的位置及型号等。供、回水干管在起端或末端注上标高，标高