Lesson-14-speech-on-hitlers-invasion-of-the-ussr

ADVANCEDENGLISHBookI14SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.RWinstonS.ChurchillI.Theexplanationofthetitle:Whatdoes“Hitler’sinvasionoftheU.S.S.R”mean?ItmeansHitlerinvadedtheU.S.S.R.Whatdoes“U.S.S.R”standfor?ItstandsforUnionofSovietSocialistRepublic.Itisinitialing,akindofabbreviation(shortening).Paraphrase:WhenHitlerinvadedtheUnionOfSovietSocialistRepubliconJune22,1941,Churchillbroadcastthespeechabouttheinvasiononthesameday.II.Whatisthetypeofthewritingofthetext?InEnglishwriting,therearefourtypes,namelydescription,narration,exposition,argumentation.Whichofthefouristhemostsuitabletothistext“SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R?Argumentation.Thewriterofanargumentativeessaytriestoconvinceotherpeopletoagreewithhispointofview,toapproveapolicyoracourseofactionthatheproposes,ortodosomethingthathewantstobedone.Speechesonpolicies,editorialsofnewspapers,articlesonpoliticalortheoreticalquestions,areoftenargumentation.III.AdditionalBackgroundMaterialforSirWinstonChurchillEarlyLifeBornonNov.30,1874,atBlenheimPalaceIn1888,hewenttoHarrowandthentotheRoyalMilitaryCollegeatSandhurstandgraduatedin1894.In1895,visitedtheSpanisharmyIn1897,waswiththeBritisharmyIn1898,tookpartinthebattleofOmdurmanintheSudanasawarcorrespondentIn1899,setoutfortheBoerWarascorrespondenttotheLondonMorningPostYoungPoliticianIn1900,enteredtheHouseofCommons.In1904,joinedtheLiberals.By1908,wasamemberofLordAsquith’scabinet.InOct.1911,wasappointedFirstLordoftheAdmiralty.In1915,losthisAdmiraltypost.In1917,returnedtothegovernment.firstasMinisterofMunitions,thenasMinisterofWar.InterwarYearsIn1924,severedhistieswithliberalismandwentbacktotheConservativeParty,becameChancelloroftheExchequer.OpposedtheRussianRevolution.From1929totheoutbreakofwarhewasoutofoffice.WorldWarIIInMay1940,hebecamePrimeMinister,andtookpartinalltheimportantconferenceswithRooseveltandStalinduringthewar.Heannouncedhisnewgovernmentinthesewords:“Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat…Ourpolicyistowagewar,bysea,landandair,withallourmight.Ouraimistowinthevictory.”InJuly1945hewasdefeatedintheelection.LastYearsIn1951,heagainbecamePrimeMinister.In1953,hewascreatedKnightoftheGarterbytheQueen,andawardedtheNoblePrizeinliterature.In1955,resignedofficeandendedhispubliccareer.HediedonJan.24,1965.Churchill’sWorksChurchill’swork,combiningpersonalperspectivewithgrandhistoricalthemes,arewrittenwithgreatsweepandlucidity.TheyincludeTheWorldCrisis(6vols.1923-1931),anaccountofWorldWarI;TheSecondWorldWar(6vols.1948-1953);HistoryoftheEnglishSpeakingPeoples(4vols.1956-1958)IV.AdditionalBackgroundMaterialforWorldWarIIQuestion1:Whenwasthe1stWorldWar?Answer:Question2:Whenwasthe2ndWorldWar?Answer:The1stWorldWarstartedin1914byLenin’sOctoberRevolution,endedin1918.The2ndWorldWarbrokeoutonJu1y7,1937,byJapaneseInvasionofChina,oronSept.1,1939,byGerman’sinvasionofPolandandBritainandFrancewagedwaragainstGerman.ItendedinMay,orAugust,1945.HowdidChurchillknowthatHitlerwouldinvadeRussia?Answer:BeforethefallofPoland,BritishintelligenceofficersmanagedtogetholdofaGermancodingmachineandagroupofcode-breakingexperts,calledtheBlotchilyParkgroup,soondiscoveredhowthemachineworked.Withthehelpofthismachine,theBritishwereabletodecipherallGermancodedmessages.SoonJune6,theBritishhadalreadylearntthatHitlerwastoattackRussiaandpassedonawarningtotheSovietUnion,whichwasunheeded.WhendidChurchillbegintowritethespeech?Answer:OnJune20,twodaysbeforetheinvasion,ChurchillworkedonaspeechtobebroadcasttotheworldwhentheinvadingforcesrolledintoRussia.V.AdditionalBackgroundMaterialforPoliticalSystemBritishGovernmentKing/QueenElizabethIIParliamentUpperHouseofLordLowerHouseofCommonU.S.AGovernmentPresidentVice-presidentCongressSenateHouseofRepresentatives大臣内政大臣MinistersintheCabinet首相；国务大臣文官大臣外交和联邦事务大臣贸易和工业大臣PrimeMinister;MinisterofStateMinisterfortheCivilServiceSecretaryofStatefortheHomeDepartmentSecretaryofStateforForeignandCommonwealthAffairsSecretaryofStateforTradeandIndustryandPresidentoftheBoardofTradeMinistersintheCabinetSecretaryofStateforDefense\SocialServiceSecretaryofStateforEmployment\EnergySecretaryofStatefortheEnvironment\EducationandScience国防、社会事务大臣就业、能源大臣环保、科教大臣MinistersNotintheCabinetFirstLordoftheTreasure首席财政大臣Parliamentary\ChiefSecretarytotheTreasury财政部政务次官、首席财政大臣ParliamentaryUnderSecretariesofState政务次官Parliamentary\Economic\FinancialSecretarytotheTreasure财政部政务、经济、金融次官MinistersNotintheCabinetLordPrivySealandLeaderoftheHouseofCommons掌玺大臣兼下议院领袖ChancellorofDuchyofLancaster兰开斯特公爵郡大臣Attorney-generalSolicitor-general检察总长副检察长LordChiefJusticeLord（High）Chancellor最高法院院长上院议长LocalGovernmentCounty郡District区Region大区Perish教区Community社区Town镇MetropolitanDistrict\County城市区、郡Borough(District)Council市、区议会CouncilofLondonBorough伦敦议会LordMayor大市长VI.TitleofBritishNoblemen、PeersDuke公爵Marquis侯爵Earl/Count伯爵Viscount子爵Lord/Baron男爵Baronet准、从男爵Knight爵士Dukedom公爵地位Marquises女侯爵Countess女伯爵Viscountess女子爵Sir(prefixtothenameofaBaronetorKnight)VII.DetailedStudyoftheTextListentothetapeaboutthetextonce.Getthegeneralideaaboutthespeech.Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedandh