寻找法律概念的_最小公分母_霍菲尔德法律概念分析思想研究

X18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,(WesleyNewcombHohfeld),,2187988(Oakland),,,1901(Hawison),,3,,,,,,,(JohnChipmanGray),,,,(SanFrancisco),19051909151X123Pound,FiftyYearsofJurisprudence,1937HavardLawReview,573,,,1,(Edward),,(RosalieHillebrandHohfeld),ErnstHaeckelWilliamFrancis(Lily)GeorgeC.Christie:Jurisprudence,TextandReadingsonthePhilosophyofLaw,p.788,WestPublishingCo.(1973).96,,,1910,,,,(Wigmore),,,,,,,,1913,,,,,,,,(Corbin)(Llewellyn)4,,,1918,,,,,,,,,,191810,,519131917,6,,25119982456SomeFundamentalLegalConceptionsasAppliedinJudicialReasoning(1913)23YaleLawJournal,16;(1917)26ibid,710:TheNatureofStockholders’IndividualLiabilityforCorporationDebts,(1909)9ColumbiaLawR.TheIndividualLiabilityofStockholderandtheConflictofLaw(1909)9ColumbiaLawR.TheRelationBetweenEquityandLaw,(1913)11MichiganLR.TheNeedofRemedialLegislationintheCalifor2niaLawofTrustsandPerpetuities(1913)ICaliforniaLawReview,305.TheConflictofEquityandLaw(1917)26YaleLawJ.767.FaultyAnalysisinEasementandLicenseCase(1917)27YaleLawJ.AVitalschoolofJurisprudenceandLaw(1914)ProceedingsofAssociationofAmericanLawSchool.N.E.H.Hull,VitalSchoolsofJurisprudence:RoscoePound,WesleyNewcombHohfeld,andthePromotionofanAcademicJurisprudentialAgenda,19101919(1995)JournalofLegalEducation,vol.45.,:1914,,:(HenryWadeRogers):,!,,(Hadley),,,,,,,,,,,,:1946(),(chameleonhuedwords),,,,,,,,,(ideal2ist),(theorist),,,,7,(),,,(thedefactinterestorclaimwhichisprotectedbylaw)(theadvantagesconferredbylaw),,,,,,,,:(Pollock)(Maitland):,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(Bracton),,,,,,,,Property(),Property3517Cook,Hohfeld’sContributionstoTheScienceofLaw,(1919)28YaleLawJournal,721.Cook:,,,,,,,,,,,:,Trans2fer(),Transfer,,Power(),,LegalpowerLiberty(),,,,Contract(),()(operativefact)(evidentialfact),,,constitutive(causalödispositive)fact;,,,AB,JimDick,JimDick,,,,(),(right)(duty),,(escrow),,,(suigeneri),,:JuralrightprivilegepowerimmunityOppositenorightdutydisabilityliabilityJuralrightprivilegepowerimmunityCorrelativedutynorightliabilitydisability,()(right)(duty),(right)(privilege)(power)(immunity),(right),,?(right)(duty)(right),,XY,Y,,,XY45119982(right),claim,(Anspruch)()(privilege)(noright),(privilege),AB,B(Franchise),(privilege)(duty),,,X,X,XY,YX,,Y,XYYX:,(privilege)(noright),XYX,(privilege)(liberty)()(right)(privilege)(right)(liberty),,,,,,,,(Gray),(theShrimpSaladProblem)ABCD,X:,,,,X(privilege),X(right)ABCD,ABCD(right)X,,,,,,,:(privilege),(noright);(right),(duty),,,,,:,,,,,,,,(liberty)(privilege),551(right),libertyprivilege8()(power)(liability)(power)9(liability),(disability)AB,AABB,BAABB,,(Windscheid),,(18171892)(17901859),,,,,,(Bierling)10,,,,,,,,11(right)(Salmond),,,,,authority,capacity,,(power)X,,,(power),(li2ability),65119982891011JuliusStone,TheProvinceandFunctionofLaw[1],MaitlandPublicationPTY.Ltd.(SYDNEY1947),p.119.,(Gestaltungsrecht)(Warterechte)(power)Zitelmann(RechtedesrechtlichenKonnens):,power,,19901power,:(disability);power(ability),power;power:Apower,asthewordisusedinthisRestatement,isanabilityonthepartofapersontoproduceachangeinagivenlegalrelationbydoingornotdoingagivenact.;power,;power,,10,,power,;,power,disabilty,JudithJarvisThomson,TheRealmofRights,HarvardUniversityPress,1991,pp.5356.,(escrow),,,,,AB,B,A(liability)BAB,A(power),:(open),,,,,,(open),(open)12(power),,(duty),,(liability),(liability)(duty),:,1807,:,,(power)(Power)()(Power)()(privilege)(duty)(obligation)(debt),,subjectionresponsibili2ty13()(liability)(duty),,Boothv.Commonwealth,:2160(liable),(liability)(duty)(itisaliabilitytohaveadutycreated)7511213(liability)(disability),LegalRights,(1916)26InternationalJournalofEthics,92,97.,OfferandAcceptance,andSomeoftheResultingLegalRelations,(1917)28YaleLawJournal,ConditionintheLawofContracts,byArthurL.Corbin,(1919)28YaleLawJournal,739.()(immunity)(disability)(immunity)(disability),(liability)AB,,BABA,A,B(disability),X,YX,XY,,X,,,,,,,:,(DennisLloyd):,,,14,,,,,(exemption),,:,15::,:,:,:,16,,,,,,,::,:,:,85119982141516:,19901,,,:,19853-4,:(Legalanalysisandterminology,29YaleLawJ.1919)MayPermissionprivilegenorightMust(maynot)compulsionrightdutyCandangerorpossibility(ofnewrelation)powerliabilityCannotsafety(fromnewrelations)immunitydisabilityDennisLloyd:,,(73),306:,,(legalinterest),(legalburden)17,,(Terry)(Salmond),18,()(rightinrem)(rightinpersonam)(ownership)(inrem)(inpersonam),:(rightinrem)(rightinpersonam),(actionsinrem)(actionsinpersonam),(judgmentordecreesinrem)(judgmentordecreesinpersonam),:,(snuffthemwithdistinctionsanddefinition),,,:jusinremjusinpersonam19,,,inpersonaminpersonamcertamsivedeterminatam,,,,,,,20,(multitalright)(paucitalright)21:(),9511718192021paucitalright,:,,,,,,,,:jusinremjusinpersonam,dominiumobligatioAustin,Jurisprudence(5thed.1885)vol.l,p.383.Terry,LeadingPrincipleofAngloAmericanLaw,chÎ,Salmond,Jurisprudence,CH,X,Terry(correspondentright)(permissiveright)(facultativeright)(right)(privilege)(power),immunitySalmondlibertyprivilegeliabilitylibertypowerSalmondimmunity,1862(),Thon1878Anspruch(),Genuss()Befugung(),Bierling1883Anspruch(),Dur2fen(),Kobnnen(),,liability,liabilitypowerrightpower,,