数控机床的步进电机的速度控制设计

摘要本文从解决步进电动机的速度控制设计的软件和硬件的问题上，使步进电动机能更好的配合数控机床的运转特点，使数控机床能发挥更好的性能。在此我基于本性质设计了一套合适的速度控制的方法，并灵活的运用数控的软件来运行数控程序来检验所设计的方法的正确与否。因此我主要从以下三方面进行介绍。1.数控软件的学习和应用在这部分，主要学习Mach2软件的运行界面和操作界面的学习、软件设置的要点和电机的设置和软件的使用等一些内容；还有Mach3数控软件的综述和Mach3的控制和运行工件程序的相关知识。通过这部分学习，加深认识了数控知识的加工过程和编程的相关知识。熟悉了数控软件的安装和应用的相关操作。2.步进电动机的设计通过这项内容，复习步进电动机控制方式和驱动方式、步进电动机的类型和结构、工作原理、主要特性和步进电动机的驱动控制线路的设计等相关内容3.步进电动机的速度控制的设计在这部分，对步进电动机的速度控制的情况进行设计，包括步进电动机的选型、步进电动机的速度控制的软件设计和硬件设计两大方面，并且对速度控制的软件设计是运用C语言来控制，此程序比较简单，易懂，学会运用C语言来控制数控机床，也学会了C语言和汇编语言的联系。关键词：数控机床；步进电动机；速度；控制；驱动；数控软件；C语言ABSTRACTInthispaper,tosolvethespeedofsteppermotorcontrolsoftwareandhardwaredesignissues,weshouldthatsteppermotortoenablebetterco-ordinationofthefunctioningofthecharacteristicsofCNCmachinetoolstoCNCmachinetoolscanplayabetterperformance..Idesignedbasedonthenatureofanappropriatesetofspeedcontrol,andflexibleuseofthesoftwaretorunNC,NCprogramdesignedtotestthecorrectnessofthemethod.Therefore,Imainlyintroducethefollowingthreeaspects.1.theapplicationandlearningofNCsoftwareinthispart,themainstudyisMach2softwareinterfaceandoperationinterface,thekeyofthesoftwaresettings,thesettingsofmoterandtheuseofthesoftwareandothercontent.therearethesummaryofthesoftwareofMach3CNC,thecontrollingofMach3andtheknowledgeofproceduresforrunningtheworkpiece.Throughthepartofthestudy,wewillhaveabetterunderstandingoftheCNCmachiningprocessandprogrammingknowledge.wearefamiliarwiththeinstallationofCNCsoftwareandtheapplicationoftheoperation.2.SteppingMotorTheadoptionofthecontent,reviewthedrivingmodeandcontrolofthesteppingmotor,thetypeandstructureofsteppermotor,workingprinciple,themaincharacteristicsofthedriveandsteppermotorcontrolcircuitdesignandotherrelatedcontent.3.SteppermotorspeedcontroldesignInthispart,tocontroltothespeedofthesteppermotor’sdesign,inclodingtheselectionofsteppermotor,thetwomajoraspectsissoftwaredesignandhardwaredesigntocontrollingthespeedofsteppermotor.AndcontrollingthespeedofsoftwaredesignistouseClanguage,thisprocedureisrelativelysimple,easytounderstand,itcantellushowtouseClanguagetocontroltheCNCmachinetools,andIcanunderstandtherelatedofClanguageandassemblylanguagelinks.KeywordCNCmachinetools；SteppingMotor；ratel；Control；Drive；CNCSoftware；Clanguage目录第一章绪论.............................................11.1本课题的目的...................................................................................11.2本课题的内容...................................................................................1第二章课题概述.........................................22.1数控软件的学习和应用...................................................................22.2步进电动机的设计...........................................................................22.3步进电动机的速度控制设计...........................................................2第三章数控软件的学习和应用............................33.1MACH2的学习和应用.......................................................................33.1.1软件介绍....................................................................................33.1.2软件设置....................................................................................43.1.3软件使用....................................................................................63.2MACH3的学习和应用.......................................................................63.2.1mach3数控软件综述..................................................................73.2.2Mach3控制和运行工件程序...................................................10第四章步进电动机的驱动和控制.........................174.1步进电动机的基本特点.................................................................174.1.1步进电动机的种类和结构......................................................174.1.2步进电动机的工作原理...........................................................184.1.3步进电动机的主要特性...........................................................194.2步进电动机的控制和驱动方式.....................................................204.2.1步进电机的控制方式..............................................................204.2.2步进电机的驱动方式..............................................................214.3步进电动机的驱动控制线路.........................................................254.3.1脉冲混合电路..........................................................................264.3.2加减脉冲分配电路..................................................................264.3.3加减速电路............................................................................264.3.4.环形分配器.............................................................................284.3.5.功率放大器.............................................................................29第五章步进电机的速度控制.............................325.1步进电机的选型.............................................................................325.2步进电动机加减速曲线控制.........................................................355.2.1步进电机的失步和过冲..........................................................355.2.2加速、减速能力的改进........................................................365.3步进电动机速度控制的软件设计...............................................375.4步进电动机的硬件控制法.............................................................48第六章数控机床的步进电机的展望和发展................506.1步进电机的展