高级英语Lesson6 Disappearing Through the Skylight课件PPT

Lesson6DisappearingThroughtheSkylightByOsborneBennetHardisonJr.AimsToknowthefeaturesofscientificwriting.Toanalysethestructureofthetext.Tounderstandthedeepermeaningofthetext.ToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesTeachingContents1.Scientificwriting2.Structuralismandthemainideaofthetext.3.Detailedstudyofthetext4.Organizationalpattern5.Languagefeatures6.ExercisesO.B.Hardison,Jr.(1928-1990)O.B.Hardison,Jr.O.B.Hardison,Jr.(1928-1990)BorninSanDiego,Californiain1928.,hereceivedB.A.andM.A.degreesfromtheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHillin1949and1950,respectively,andaPh.D.fromtheUniversityofWisconsinin1956.HetaughtatschoolsthatincludedPrincetonandtheUniversityofNorthCarolina,andhebecameUniversityProfessorofEnglishatGeorgetownin1984.Hardison,Englishprofessor(Georgetown),Shakespeareanscholar,andamateurphysicist,isalwaysentertainingandoftenthought-provokingAScholarlyWriterMr.Hardisonwrotenumerousbooksandarticles,aswellaspoetryandbookreviews.HisscholarlyconcernsrangedfromRenaissanceliteraturetotechnologyandchangeinmodernsociety.HeistheauthorofLyricsandElegies(1958),TheEnduringMonument(1962),EnglishLiteraryCriticism:TheRenaissance(1964),TowardFreedomandDignity:TheHumanitiesandtheIdeaofHumanity(1973),EnteringtheMaze:IdentityandChangeinModernCulture(1981)andDisappearingThroughtheSkylight(1989/1990).EnteringtheMaze:IdentityandChangeinModernCultureInthisbook,Hardisonbeginstoreviewthewaysinwhichthecentralconceptsinnature,history,language,art,andhumanevolutionshavechangedundertheimpactofmodernscienceandtechnology.C.B.Hardison,Jr.Well-knownforhisprofoundinsightsintothechangeinmodernculturebroughtaboutbymodernscienceandtechnology.Hisprovocativeviewsarestimulatingandinformative.QuestionsHowdoyouthinkofscienceandtechnology?Whatadvantagesdotheyhave?Whatdisadvantagesdotheyhave?Whatisculture?CultureCultureismostcommonlyusedinthreebasicsenses:Excellenceoftasteinthefineartsandhumanities,alsoknownashighculture;Anintegratedpatternofhumanknowledge,belief,andbehaviorthatdependsuponthecapacityforsymbolicthoughtandsociallearning;Thesetofsharedattitudes,values,goals,andpracticesthatcharacterizesaninstitution,organizationorgroup.CultureThesumofattitudes,customs,andbeliefsthatdistinguishesonegroupofpeoplefromanother.Cultureistransmitted,throughlanguage,materialobjects,ritual,institutions,andart,fromonegenerationtothenext.CulturalDictionary,LowcultureHighCultureisusuallyassociatedwiththosethatarerefined,educated,and/orwealthy.Theelite.LowCultureisassociatedwiththecommonpeople,thoselesseducatedandpoor.Themasses.LowcultureLowcultureisatermforsomeformsofpopularculture.Itsoppositeishighculture.Ithasbeensaidbyculturetheoriststhatbothhighcultureandlowculturearesubcultures.Realitytelevision,popularmusic,escapistfiction,Kitsch,slapstick,camp,toilethumor,yellowjournalism,pornography,andexploitationfilmsareoftencitedexamplesoflowculture.Ithasoftenbeenstatedthatinpostmoderntimes,theboundarybetweenhighcultureandlowculturehasblurred.DisappearingThroughtheSkylight:CultureandTechnologyintheTwentiethCenturyDisappearingThroughtheSkylightisnotonlythetitleofthischapterbutalsothetitleofthebook.Thebookhasasub-title,“CultureandTechnologyintheTwentiethCentury”TheBookAsforthecentralthemeofthisbook,thewritersays,“Thisbookisaboutthewaysculturehaschangedinthepastcentury,changingtheidentitiesofallthosebornintoit.Itsmetaphorfortheeffectofchangeoncultureis“disappearance”.TheBookAsforthe“disappearance”,Hardisonsays,“Inthenineteenthcentury,sciencepresentednatureasagroupofobjectssetcomfortablyandsolidlyinthemiddledistancebeforetheeyesofthebeholder.IntheworkofD’ArcyThompson,publishedaroundtheturnofthecentury,naturehasdisappeared.Ithasbecomeasetofgeometricandmathematicalrelationsthatlieunderthesurfaceofthevisible….….Today,naturehasslipped,perhapsfinally,beyondourfieldofvision.”Alogicalconclusioncanbefoundinthefinalparagraphofthiskeychapterthat“Assurelyasnatureisbeingswallowedupbythemind,thebanks,youmightsay,aredisappearingthroughtheirownskylights”.DisappearingThroughtheSkylightThemetaphoricalphrase“DisappearingThroughtheSkylight”isusedtodescribethechangedappearanceofmodernbankswhichseemtobedisappearing.Mainviewsinthiskeychapter1.Thewriterputsforwardthecentralthemeof“disappearance”–naturedisappears,historydisappearsandeventhesolidbanksdisappears.(CentralTheme)2.Heputsforwardtheideaoftheuniversalizingtendencyofscienceandtechnology.(Theuniversalizingeffectandreflectionisworldstyles.)Mainviewsinthiskeychapter3.Themodernmanisnolongerauniqueindividual,theproductofaspecialenvironmentandculture.Thehomogeneousworldhenowlivesinuniversalizeshim.Hebecomesacosmopolitan,acitizenoftheworld.Mainviewsinthiskeychapter4.Thedisappearanceofhistoryisaformofliberationandthisfeelingofliberationisoftenexpressedthroughplay.Theplayfulnessofsciencehasproducedgametheoryandvirtualparticles,inartithasproducedthepaintingsofPicassoandJoanMiroandsoon.Scientificwriting(Englishforscienceandtechnology)1.technicaltermscylinderblock;carburettor;thermodynamics;etc.2.objective:relyingonfact