非谓语动词作状语

高考语法复习状语Part1非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语2.非谓语作状语(主动/被动;一般式/完成式;否定式)3.要注意的问题基本内容:1.什么可以作状语?2.多个状语连用的顺序3.重点:非谓语动词作状语状语从句定义：状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词，介词，连词，和整个句子状语在语法上并不是必不可少的，但在意义上却很重要，因为它对所修饰的成分作更细致的描述．状语用于修饰动词，形容词，副词和整个句子，来表示时间，地点，原因，方式，程度，目的，结果，条件，让步，频度等情况，通常状语可以由下列这些来表示。1.副词做状语2.介词短语做状语3.不定式短语做状语4.分词做状语5.形容词（短语）做状语6.词组做状语7.复合结构做状语8.从句做状语9.状语在句子中的成分10.多个状语连用的次序问题1.副词做状语1.Heoftendoeshimhomeworkatfiveeveryday.2.介词短语做状语1.Westayeduptillmidnight.2.IliveinXinhe.3.不定式短语做状语1.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheman’slife.2.Wecansendacarovertofetchyou.4.分词做状语1.Pleasefillinthecardgivingalltheinformationrequired.2.Comparedtoyou,Iamindeedveryfortunate.5.形容词（短语）做状语1.Theyarerushedovereagertohelp.2.Hungry,hewenttoarestaurant.6.词组做状语1.Shejumpedtenfeet.2.WhenIwasillshenursedmedayandnight.7.复合结构做状语1.(Thatbeingthecase),we’llhavetoreconsiderthewholething.2.Heenteredtheroom(hisnoseredwithcold).8.从句做状语1.Wediditonlybecausewehadto.2.HeaskedmetostaywhereIwas.常用频度副词:always;often;seldom;never;ever;sometimes;usually;hardly;scarcely频度副词的位置:实义动词的前面;be动词、助动词、情态动词的后面;多个助动词,放在第一个助动词之后.Eg.Weoftengotothepark.Eg.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Hehasneverbeenlatetoschool.10.多个状语连用的次序问题a.连用几个状语修饰同一个动词时，通常按“方式状语+地点状语+时间状语”的顺序排列。1.Theytalkedfriendlyintheliving-roomlastnight.2.Shewalkedquicklyoutoftheroomjustnow.b.由小到大（用几个不同的时间状语或地点状语修饰同一个动词一般按照由小到大的顺序排列）1.Mysisterstayedinmyhomeforthreemonthslastyear.2.Myparentslivedinasmallfarawayvillageinthenorth.c.交换位置（状语在简略答语中，谓语部分只有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，状语要在这些词前面）1.Hewillneverdoitagain.No,heneverwill.2.AreyouallAmericans?Yes,weallare.时态和语态及否定式语态时态主动被动一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone主动被动一般式(not)todo(not)tobedone完成式(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendone时态语态2.非谓语动词的时态/语态和否定式不定式作状语的用法:不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示:行为目的:to;inorder(not)to;soas(not)to(不能用于句首）结果：onlyto(find)…程度：enoughtoo;so…astodo;such+名词…astodoThegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.Shewhisperedtomesoasnottobeheardbyothers.1.不定式作状语3.Hearingthis,shegotsoangry____unabletospeak.A.astoB.asbeingC.tobeD.astobe2.Hehurriedhomeonly_______hisgirlfriendhadjustbeenengagedtoanotherman.A.tellingB.tobetoldC.beingtoldD.havingtold1.---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting1.不定式作状语D现在分词/过去分词作状语表示时间，原因，方式或伴随解题关键：主语与所填动词的主被动关系确定用现在/过去分词/不定式的被动式。1.Thestudentcorrectedhispapercarefully,___theprofessor'ssuggestions.A.followB.followingC.followedD.beingfollowedBD2._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given3.Thediseasewillspreadfastif_______.A.untreatingB.beingnottreatedC.nottreatingD.untreatedDC4.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.A．inordertohavereceivedB．inordertoreceiveC．soastobereceivedD．soastobereceiving2.非谓语作状语(主动/被动)2.非谓语作状语(主动/被动)5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02N)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunD6.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,______outofthewindow.AlookingBtolookClookedDhavinglookedA2.非谓语作状语(主动/被动)如果be+过去分词表示状态,尽管主语是人,也要用过去分词作状语.belostinthought(沉思)beengagedinwritinganovel/inbusinessbeoccupiedwithmuchworkbefrightened/excited/puzzledatwhathesaw_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96N)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseCbebusywith解题关键：1.如果和谓语动词几乎同时发生或紧接着发生用一般式2.如果两个动作明显有先后/一个动作完成后另一动作才发生，用完成式。A2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstand.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HehavingbeentoldD.Telling1.thecomposition,JohnhandedittotheteacherandwentoutoftheroomA.WritingB.HavingwrittenC.WrittenD.Beingwritten3.Hewalkedupanddowntheoffice,__whattodonext.A.wonderedB.havingwonderedC.wonderingD.andwonderBC2.非谓语作状语(一般式/完成式)注意否定式not的位置1._____howtodothehomework,Iwenttoaskmyteacherforhelp.A.NottoknowB.NotknowingC.KnowingnotD.Notknown2.非谓语作状语(否定式)2.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedCB3.要注意的问题问题一祈使句+and/or+陈述句和Todo…,sb……的区别______thecornersofthehandkerchieftothepointsofthecross,andyouwillhaveanicestrongkite.A.TotieB.TyingC.TiedD.Tie______theproblem_____meandI‘llseewhatIcandowithit.A.Whenleft;forB.Leaving;toC.Ifyouleave;withD.Leave;withDD1)____buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes2)____sohehadnodifficulty(in)understandingEnglish.A.BecausehehadbeeninLondonfor3yearsB.HavingbeeninLondonfor3yearsC.HehavingbeeninLondonfor3yearsD.HehadbeeninLondonfor3years问题二从句还是分词：如果句中有连词（and/but/or..），要用句子.CD1)Findinghercarstolen,_____.(01上海).A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp2)Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A．thedoorbellrangB．thedoorbellringsC．weheardthedoorbellringD．weheardthedoorbellrings问题三要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,___.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretreesDCD问题四注意介词+分词和连词+分词的用法Onhearingthenews,shebegantocry.Onreturning