高中英语句子成分和句型课件

英语的词性：名词(nouns)n.代词(pronoun)pron.实词数词(numeral)num.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.副词(adverb)adv.动词(verb)v冠词(article)art虚词介词(preposition)prep.连词(conjunction)conj.助词(auxiliary)aux.一、介绍与其重要性•句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语,主语补足语和宾语补足语。●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。英语的句子成分：一）主语：是一个句子所叙述的主题，Wallshaveears.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.二）谓语由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语所做的动作或状态.动词有着各种时态的变化Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Thechancemaynevercomeagain.Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.动词/动词短语名词代词数词todo不定式doing动名词句子（三）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。•Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.•Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.•Doyoumindopeningthewindow?•Givemefourplease.•Hewantstodreamanicedream.•Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.•Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.动词/动词短语介词名词n代词pron动名词代词和数词todo不定式句子介词+名词宾语种类：•（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）•Youlendmeyourdictionary.•Mymotherboughtmybrotheracomputer.•（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）•Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.•Ifindthehomeworkdifficulttofinish.（四）表语它的位置在_______________之后。是用来说明主语的_______,______,_______的.•Myfatherisaprofessor.•Who'sthat?It'sme.•Everythinghereisexpensive.•Thematchbecameveryexciting.•Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.•Threetimesfiveisfifteen.•Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.•Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.系动词、连系动词性质特征状态名词n代词pron形容词adjadj介词短语数词todo不定式句子•常见的系动词有:•be(am,is,are,were,was),•look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,•keep,stay,become,get,grow,come,go,•….Thecaketastesnice.Thewaterfeelscold.Thesestoriessoundinteresting.（五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。•Theyarewomanworkers.•Tom'sfatherdidn'twritehomeuntilyesterday.•Maryisabeautifulgirl..•Theplayhasthreeacts.•ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.•Chinaisadevelopingcountry.•Ihavenothingtoeat.•ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.名前后名词名词所有格形容词adj数词形容词/序数词/todo不定式现在分词doingtodo不定式从句(六）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。•Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.•Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.•Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.•We'llsendacartofetchyou.•Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones•Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.•Ifhegoes,sowillI.•Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语让步状语七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。•Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.•Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.•Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.•Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.•Isawhimgoingupstairs.•Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.名词形容词介词短语todo不定式现在分词doingdone过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构(八）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语•Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.•Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.与宾语补足语一样８同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分（1）用来说明和解释另一个句子成分（２），这个句子成分（１）就叫做另一個句子成分（2）的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidthathewasill.一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾语从句。(二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.--MydreamisthatIcanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourlastname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottocleanthefloor.3.Themaninthegymwastryingtosleep.4.Gymisaplacewhereyoucanexerciseandhavefun.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.②Shefounditdifficulttodothework.③TheycallmeLilysometimes.④IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.(五)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.④HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.一个完整的句子做状语，那么这个句子叫状语从句。试一试：(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词.①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词.①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book三)挑出下列句中的宾语）①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Yo