电子商务英语课件5

Unit5PaymentofElectronicCommerce学习指导：本章将介绍：电子商务结算系统的基本功能网上支付工具储值卡在电子商务中的地位互联网技术在银行业的应用5.1IntroductiontoOnlinePaymentAnimportantfunctionofelectroniccommercesitesisthehandlingofpaymentsovertheInternet.Mostelectroniccommerceinvolvestheexchangeofsomeformofmoneyforgoodsorservices.,Inthischapter,youwilllearnaboutanumberofonlinepaymentalternativesthatareavailabletoindividualconsumers.5.1.1TheAdvantagesofOnlinePaymentsystemsforelectroniccommerce•Onlinepaymentsystemsforconsumerelectroniccommercearestillevolving.Anumberofproposalsandimplementationsofpaymentsystemscurrentlycompetefordominance.•Regardlessofformat,electronicpaymentsarefarcheaperthanmailingpaperchecks.•Electronicpaymentscanbeconvenientforcustomersandcansavecompaniesmoney.Estimatesofthecostofbillingonepersonbymailrangebetween$1and$1.50.•SendingbillsandreceivingpaymentsovertheInternetcandropthetransactioncosttoanaverageof50centsperbill.Thetotalsavingsishugewhentheunitcostismultipliedbythenumberofcustomerswhocoulduseelectronicpayment.•Forexample,atelephonecompanyinamajormetropolitanareamighthave5millioncustomers,eachofwhomreceivesabilleverymonth.Inoneyear,asavingsof50centsoneachofthose60millionbillsaddsuptoabout$30million.Theenvironmentalimpactisalsosignificant.•Those60millionpaperbillsweighabout1.7millionpounds.Ittakes2200treestomakethatmuchpaper——alongwiththeenergyconsumedandthewastesgeneratedinthepaper-makingprocess.5.1.2theModesofElectronicPayment•Today,fourbasicwaystopayforpurchasesdominatebothtraditionalandelectronicbusiness-to-consumercommerce.Cash,checks,creditcards,anddebitcardsaccountformorethan90percentofallconsumerpaymentsintheUnitedStates.•Asmallbutgrowingpercentageofconsumerpaymentsaremadebyelectronictransfer.•Themostpopularconsumerelectronictransfersareautomatedpaymentsofautoloans,insurancepayments,andmortgagepaymentsmadefromconsumers'checkingaccounts.•Creditcardsarebyfarthemostpopularmethodthatconsumersusetopayforonlinepurchases.Recentsurveyshavefoundthatmorethan85percentofworldwideconsumerInternetpurchasesarepaidforwithcreditcards.•IntheUnitedStates,theproportionisabout96percent.•Anotherpaymentmediumislimited-usescrip.Scripisdigitalcashmintedbyacompanyinsteadofbyagovernment.Mostscripcannotbeexchangedforcash;itmustbeexchangedforgoodsorservicesprovidedbythecompanythatissuedthescrip.Scripislikeagiftcertificatethatisgoodatmorethanonestore.•IntheearlydaysoftheWeb,manyexpertspredictedthatscripwouldbecomeapopularwayofmakingpaymentsforconsumergoodsandservicesonline.Unfortunatelyformanyinvestorsthisturnedoutnottobetrue.5.2PaymentCards•Businesspeopleoftenusethetermpaymentcardasageneraltermtodescribealltypesofplasticcardsthatconsumers(andsomebusinesses)usetomakepurchases.Themaincategoriesofpaymentcardsarecreditcards,debitcards,andchargecards.5.2.1CreditCard•Acreditcard,suchasaVisaoraMasterCard,hasaspendinglimitbasedontheuserscredithistory;ausercanpayofftheentirecreditcardbalanceorpayaminimumamounteachbillingperiod.Creditcardissuerschargeinterestonanyunpaidbalance.•Manyconsumersalreadyhavecreditcards,orareatleastfamiliarwithhowtheywork.Creditcardsarewidelyacceptedbymerchantsaroundtheworldandprovideassurancesforboththeconsumerandthemerchant.Aconsumerisprotectedbyanautomatic30-dayperiodinwhichheorshecandisputeanonlinecreditcardpurchase.•Merchantsthatalreadyacceptcreditcardsinanofflinestorecanacceptthemimmediatelyforonlinepaymentbecausetheyalreadyhaveestablishedamechanismforacceptingcreditcardpayments.•Onlinecreditcardpurchasesaresimilartotelephonepurchasesinthatthecardholderisnotpresentandcannotprovideproofofidentityaseasilyasheorshecanwhenstandingatthecashregister.Onlineandtelephonepurchasesareoftencalledcardnotpresenttransactionsandbothrequireanextradegreeofsecurity.5.2.2DebitCard•Adebitcardlookslikeacreditcard,butitworksquitedifferently.Insteadofchargingpurchasesagainstacreditline,adebitcardremovestheamountofthesalefromthecardholder'sbankaccountandtransfersittotheseller'sbankaccount.Debitcardsareissuedbythecardholder'sbankandusuallycarrythenameofamajorcreditcardissuer,suchasVisaorMasterCard,byagreementbetweentheissuingbankandthecreditcardissuer.•BybrandingtheirdebitcardswiththeVisaorMasterCardname,banksensurethattheirdebitcardswillbeacceptedbymerchantswhorecognizethecreditcardbrandnames.5.3ElectronicCash5.3.1WhattheElectronicCashIs•Althoughcreditcardsdominateonlinepaymentstoday,electroniccashshowspromiseforthefuture.•Electroniccash(alsocallede-cashordigitalcash)isageneraltermthatdescribesanyvaluestorageandexchangesystemcreatedbyaprivate(nongovernmental)entitythatdoesnotusepaperdocumentsorcoinsandthatcanserveasasubstituteforgovernment-issuedphysicalcurrency.•AsignificantdifferencebetweenelectroniccashandscripisthatelectroniccashcanbereadilyexchangedforphysicalcashondemandBecauseelectroniccashisissuedbyprivateentities,thereisaneedforcommonstandardsamongallelectroniccashissuerssothatoneissuer'selectroniccashcanbeacceptedbyanotherissuer.•Thisneedhasnotyetbeenmet.Eachissuerhasitsownstandardandelectroniccashisnotuniversallyaccepted,asisgovernment-issuedphys