法律的经济分析工具

X:,,,,,,,,:--,,,,,,,,,,()1.,,;,,,,,,-,,,,,,,431X,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-,,():,,,1.,,,,,,,,,5311[]:,,1974,27,,,,,;,;,2.,,,,,,,,,,(),,:(),,2:3,,,,,,(),(incentivecom2patibility),3.,,,4,,,,,(),63120044234,23[]:,,1994,264[]::,,,1994,274,5,,,,,,,,,,,,-,,,,,,(RobinPaulMalloy),,,,,,,,,,,,,,6,,--7--,-,:8-200,,,7315678[]AD:,,1992,635,:,1998RobinPaulMalloy,LawandMarketEconomy:ReinterpretingtheValuesofValuesofLawandEconomics,CambridgeUni2versityPress2000,p.1-12.Introduction.,,,,,,,,,,,,()1.,,,,,,,,,,,,()(),,,9,,,,,,,,():,;,,,,,,,,,,,1011,,,,,,,,(,),,,,,,12,,(Breton),:():831200449101112:,1993,292[]:,,1994,288[]:,,1994,24[]:,,1994,45Up=Up(,am),Up,,am13,;,,,,:,,;,,,;,;,,,,,,14,,,,,2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()1.,:,,,,,,,9311314,270[]B.:,,1999,245,(),,,,,,,,,,,15,,,,,,,,16,,,,2.,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,:,,041200441516[]:,,1993,36[]:,,1994,266,,;,[]:,,1994,20,,,,,,,,,,17,,,-():,,,,,,18,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),(),19,,,20,:,,,21,22,,(marginalcost),,,141171819202122,,,,,(opportunitycost),Posner,EconomicAnalysisofLaw,LittleBrownandCompany,1986,p.6.,,,,,,,;,,(socialcost),(privatecost)(externalcost)=+D.C.NorthandR.P.Thomas,TheRiseofWesternWorld,CambridgeUniversityPress,1973,p.3.:,,90%:,19921:,2002(3)[]:,,1992,(JM)[]:,,1994,7,,,,,(rentseekingcost)23,,,,;,,,,()(),,,,()(),(),,,24,,,,,,,,:,,25,,26,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2412004423242526ElizabethHoffmanMatthewSpitzer,TheCoaseTheorem,SomeExperimentalTests.[]:,,1999,94Buchanan,JamesM.,RentSeekingandProfitSeeking,inBuchananeteds.,TowardaTheoryoftheRentSeekingSocietyCollegeStation:TaxasAMUniversityPress,1980.,,,,,,;,(rent),(),,,;,(rent-seeking),,,:;;27:,,:,?:,,,:,,,,?,:,,,,?,,,,(),,,,28:;;;,,;29,30;,34127282930:,1994,46,,,,,,,Posner,EconomicsofJustice,HarvardUniversityPress,1983,p.71.:,,,,,,,,,:,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,31,,,,,-,,,,--:,(effectiveness)(),:,(),,,,-,,,-,()(4412004431,,,,,1998,371)32,,,,,10,10,,,,,,,,,,()(),-,,,,,,,,,,,,:,:,,,,,33,,,5413233[]:,,1997,357-,,,,,,;,,,,,,(rationalcalculator):(),,,,,,,,,34,,;,,?,:,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,35,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,36,,;,,64120044343536,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,;,[]:-,,1993,68,,,,,,,37-,,,Abstract:Theassumptionoftheexistenceofalegalmarketisthepreconditiontodotheeconomicanaly2sis.Generally,themalpracticesintherunofthelawappearinthedealingsofthelegalmarket.Supplyanddemand,costandprofitanalysis,areimportanttoolstodotheeconomicanalysisofthelaw.Thegovernmentsuppliesthebaseofthelegalinstitutionstomarketeconomy,aswellasdestroyingandplun2deringthebase.Thedemandofthelawisaprocessofpublicchoice,withuncertainty,whichmaybeexaggeratedartificially,orunderestimatedartificially.Ifthegovernmentbecomesoversensitivetothemarket,andoverconfidenttointerferethelawsandbylawsrelatedtothemarket,itwillleadthedistor2tionofnon-marketdemand.Theuncertaintyofthelegalcostalsomakesithardtochooseortofindthemostefficientlegislativeandjudicialsystems.Keywords:alegalmarket,supplyanddemandanalysistothelaw,costandprofitanalysistothelaw74137,,,,,,,,,,,33,,292