亭台楼阁

中国古代建筑与文化AncientChinesearchitectureandculture•中国四大名亭•China'sfourfamousPavilion•安徽滁县醉翁亭Oldtippler’spavilion•北京先农坛陶然亭JoyousPavilion•湖南长沙爱晚亭EveningEnjoyingPavilion•浙江杭州湖心亭MidLakePavilion•陶然亭的由来•与梦得沽酒闲饮且约后期•白居易•少时犹不忧生计，老后谁能惜酒钱？•共把十千沽一斗，相看七十欠三年。•闲征雅令穷经史，醉听清吟胜管弦。•更待菊黄家酝熟，共君一醉一陶然。••TripamongHills•Theupperdistantcoldmountainstonefootpathistilted,•Thewhitecloudlifeplacehasahousehold.•Istopmycoachatmaplewoodstogazemyfill,•Frost-bittenleaveslookredderthanearlyspringflowers.•湖心亭•尘境纷纷俗累增，故寻幽径访南能。•湖波浩渺无穷绿，寺屋高低不计层。•诗老新吟工恼客，使君余暇得陪僧。•棋中得失何时了，一局输赢未可凭。•作者简介•陈瓘（1057-1124年），字莹中，号了斋，沙县城西劝忠坊人。宋元丰二年（1079年）探花，授官湖州掌书记。历任礼部贡院检点官、越州、温州通判、左司谏等职。陈瓘为人谦和，不争财物，闲居矜庄自持，不苟言谈，通《易经》。•天坛TheTempleofHeaven•天坛位于北京城的南端，始建于明初永乐十八年，是明，清两代皇帝祭天和祈求丰年的地方，清乾隆年间改建后成为今天这一辉煌壮观的建筑群。中国古代帝王自称“天子”，他们对天地非常崇敬，历史上的每一个皇帝都把祭祀天地当成一项非常重要的政治活动，而祭祀建筑在帝王的都城建设中具有举足轻重的地位，集中了大量的人力，物力和财力，以最高的技术水平，最完美的艺术去建造，在封建社会后期营建筑中最具代表性的作品，天坛不仅是中国古建筑中璀璨的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。•中国三大名楼•ThreegreattowersofChina•江西南昌的滕王阁•PavilionofPrinceTeng•湖北武汉市的黄鹤楼•YellowCraneTower•湖南岳阳市的岳阳楼•YueyangTower••题滕王阁年代：【宋】作者：【周弼】高阁巍峨接水滨，兴亡才问便伤神。鸣鸾东阁知何处，跨鹤西山别有人。柳映落霞江渚暮，草铺斜日野田春。群鸥亦厌多悲感，偏与忘机客最亲。•THEYELLOWCRANETERRACE•CuiHao•Wherelongagoayellowcraneboreasagetoheaven，•NothingisleftnowbuttheYellowCraneTerrace.•Theyellowcraneneverrevisitedearth，•Andwhitecloudsareflyingwithouthimforever.•EverytreeinHanyangbecomesclearinthewater，•AndParrotIslandisanestofsweetgrasses；•ButIlooktowardhome，andtwilightgrowsdark•Withamistofgriefontheriverwaves.•黄鹤楼•崔颢•昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。•黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。•晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。•日暮乡关何处是？烟波江上使人愁。•OnYueyangTower•LonghaveIheardofDongtingLake,•NowIascendtheYueyangHeight.•Hereeasternstateandsouthernbreak;•Heresunandmoonfloatdayandnight.•Nowordfromfriendsorkinsfolkdear,•Aboatbearsmydecliningyears.•War’sragingonthenorthernfrontier,•Leaningonrails,Ishedsadtears.登岳阳楼杜甫昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一字，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。•“亭、台、楼、阁、轩、榭、斋、辕”亭：有顶无墙，供休息用的建筑物，多建筑在路旁或花园里。台：用土或砖石筑成的方形的高而平的建筑物。楼：重屋也，两层以上的房屋。阁：一种架空的小楼房，传统建筑物的一种。其特点是通常四周设隔扇或栏杆回廊，供远眺、游憩、藏书和供佛之用。榭：建在高台或水面(或临水)上的木屋。轩：原指古代有围棚或帷幕的车。也指以轩敞为特点的亭阁台榭一类建筑物和有窗的长廊或小屋。斋：原指古人斋戒时的居所。也常指雅静的书房、学舍等。辕：旧时指军营、官署的外门，借指衙署。Thesummerpalace•TheSummerPalaceisthelargestandbest-preservedroyalpalaceinChina,locatedinthenorthwestBeijingHaidianDistrict.itisoneofBeijing’smajorsights,attractinglargenumbersofvisitors,particularlyonsummerweekends.TheSummerPalacemainlycomposedbytheLongevityHillandKunmingLake.ThislargewatersurfaceistheKunmingLake.Itisthebestpartofthesummerpalace.Coveringanareaof220hectares,theKunminglaketakesupthreequartersoftheentiregarden.Inordertocelebratethebirthdayofhismother,EmpressQianlongorderedtoshapethelakelikeapeach.InChina,peachisthesymboloflongevity.ThesightofKunmingLakeisbeautiful.Theaveragedepthofthelakeisaboutoneandhalfmeters,andmostoftheplacealongthebankiswithinonemeter,sowhenyoufallintothelakeaccidentally,youdon’thavetoworryaboutyourlife,juststandup!Thereligiouspagoda-styletowerisathree-storiedoctagonalstructurewithfourtiersofeaves.Roofsofeverystoryarecoveredwithyellowglazedtiles,whilewindows,doors,pillarsandotherstructuresarered.Setoffbygreentreesinthemountain,itsimageisveryprominent.TheTowerofBuddhistIncenseisthecenterofthewholegarden.Octagonal八角形的Eaves屋檐TowerofBuddhistIncenseStandinghighlyatoptheLongevityHillona20-meter-highstonefoundation,theTowerofBuddhistIncenseisthelargestbuildingintheSummerPalace.佛香阁佛香阁TowerofBuddhistIncense佛香阁Octagonal八角形的Eaves屋檐TowerofBuddhistIncense佛香阁佛香阁TowerofBuddhistIncense佛香阁Octagonal八角形的Eaves屋檐TowerofBuddhistIncense佛香阁TowerofBuddhistIncense佛香阁佛香阁TowerofBuddhistIncense佛香阁Concubine妃子，妾SituatedinthecenterofRearLakeandoriginallycalledBusinessStreet,theSuzhouStreetwasbuiltinthestyleofsouthernChinatowns.The300-meter-longstreetwasbuiltalongtheriverbankwithmorethan60shopsincludingteahouses,restaurants,pharmacies[ˈfɑ:məsiz]（药店）,banksandetc.Itwastheplacewheretheemperor,empress,andconcubinestookastrollinleisure.ThebuildingsonthesouthernslopeofLongevityHillarecharacteristicofthegarden.Cloud-DispellingHall,thePavilionoftheBuddhistIncenseandtheWisdomSeaontheaxislineareflankedbytheWheelHall,WufangPavilionandBaoyunPavilionandaremajorattractions.ThePavilionoftheBuddhistIncenseis41metershighandstandsona20-meter-highterrace.AtthefootofLongevityHillisthe728-meter-longpassagewaywhichlinksthethreeareastogether.Thepassagewayisfamousforitspaintingsandatitswesternendisa36-meter-longMarbleBoatGardenofsuzhou下有苏杭上有天堂1.theHumbleAdministrator'sGarden•Covering51,950sq.m,theHumbleAdministrator'sGardenisthelargestofallclassicalgardensinSuzhou.•TheHumbleAdministrator'sGarden,oneofChina'sfourmostfamousgardens,builtin1509duringtheMingDynasty•Itisdividedintothreeparts;theeastern,middlethewesternparts.Thehouseliesinthesouthofthegarden.•ItislistedasaWorldCulturalHeritagesiteandhasalsobeendesignatedasoneoftheCulturalRelicsofNationalImportanceundertheProtectionoftheStateaswellasaSpecialTouristAttractionofChina.ThegardenconsistsofEastern,CentralandWesternsectionsaswellassomeresidencesoftheformerownerstheLingeringGarden•TheLingeringGarden,oneofthefourmostfamousgardensinChina,occupiesanare