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8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00适应性支持通气ASV瑞士哈美顿医疗公司上海代表处张斌13868198665bzhang@hamilton.ch8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00适应性支持通气ASV1.提高通气安全2.提高人机协调3.促进提早撤机4.减少重复劳动8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ASV的概念适应性从插管一直用到拔管,全程监测呼吸力学参数(气道阻力R,肺顺应性C,呼气时间常数RCexp),以最小呼吸做功提供适合病人的呼吸形式支持性病人没有自主呼吸,ASV完全接管病人的呼吸,相当于自动的压力控制(auto-PC)病人完全自主呼吸,ASV配合其呼吸努力,同步支持,相当于自动的压力支持(auto-PS)通气ASV提供通气,排除CO2,医生控制氧合参数8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00静态呼吸力学气道阻力肺顺应性8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00Respiratoryrate010203040500.160.140.120.100.080.060.040.020WOB(Joule/sec)WOBresWOBelWOBtotOtisAB.JApplPhysiol19501+2a*RCexp*(MV-V‘D)/VDf-target=a*RCexp最佳呼吸频率的背景公式8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00030060090001234time(sec)volume(mL)长RCexp短RCexp定义8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ABCA图:正常肺单位在正常的时间和正常容量下完成气体充盈B图:顺应性较差—“硬肺”,其充盈很快,呼气也快C图:气道狭窄,肺容积很大,其充盈时间很长,呼气时间也很长8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.000500100015000204060Rate(b/min)Tidalvolume(mL)ASV精髓所在SetMinVol(l/min)最佳=最小呼吸做功8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.000500100015000204060呼吸频率(b/min)潮气量(mL)ASV引导病人得到最佳潮气量和呼吸频率用户设置最小目标分钟通气量(l/min)PinspandRRPinspandRRPinspandRRPinspandRR8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ASV通气参数MinVol=6.4L/minFspont=0b/minFcontrol=13b/minPinsp=18cmH2OMinVol=6.4L/minFspont=3b/minFcontrol=11b/minPinsp=13cmH2OMinVol=4.2L/minFspont=15b/minFcontrol=0b/minPinsp=7cmH2O自主呼吸逐渐恢复8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ASV监测参数主要监测参数所有监测参数翻页查看监测参数报警上下限值8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00用户输入:身高&性别=理想体重(IBW)分钟通气量(最佳或最小)Pmax预防气压伤/容积伤安全框:气压伤/容积伤低通气过度充气(PEEPi)最佳呼吸形式:最佳潮气量最佳呼吸频率病人信息:自主触发的呼吸呼气时间常数动态顺应性潮气量&呼吸频率呼吸机病人ASV工作流程8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00提高通气安全与人机协调NormalCOPDChestwallstiffnessARDSn(d/patients)706/140217/4054/13136/36RCexp(s)0,78±0,281,130,72*0,410,16*0,55±0,21*Vt/PBW(ml/Kg)8,31,39,42,1*7,11,1*7,61,3*RR(c/mn)175167237*206*I/E0,50,20,40,2*0,50,20,630,27**p≤0,05versusnormalArnal.IntensiveCareMed20088.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00b=(Pmax-PEEP)*Cdyna=5d=2xVDc=20/RCe动态安全框a:窒息b:容积伤/气压伤c:动态肺过度充气d:死腔通气提高通气安全8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ASV安全框调整ARDS/较硬的肺8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ASV安全框调整8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00促进提早撤机SultzerCF,在心脏手术后应用适应性支持通气进行快速拔管.Anesthesiology,2001对照组ASVP值n=20n=16通气时间(min)2431930.026小时拔管(n)12150.018.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00减少重复劳动自主呼吸逐渐恢复控制呼吸自主呼吸呼吸机做功病人做功8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ASVvs.P-SIMV8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00ASV适用于各类病人前瞻性研究:7个月1349天有创通气ArnalJM.IntensiveCareMed2004;30:S84(abstract)8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00•持续监测病人的呼吸力学,以最小呼吸做功给予最佳通气方式•通过动态安全框提示病人呼吸的安全性•从插管到拔管全程应用•鼓励自主呼吸,促进提早撤机•减少频繁模式切换和参数修改等重复劳动“让病人的呼吸更安全、更轻松…”从适应性支持通气ASV上能得到8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00用ASV撤机当病情缓解后,降低%MV,PEEP,FiO2尽早停止镇静如果有病人触发,自动切换到压力支持8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00每日筛查疾病严重程度一般条件:未用血未用镇静药物管活性药物对命令的反映呼吸条件:FiO2≤50%PEEP≤5cmH2O适当的咳嗽%MV≤130%吸气压≤20cmH2OEly.NewEnglJMed19968.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00撤机试验•T管试验T管,O23l/minASV试验PEEP=5cmH2OFiO2=30%%MV=25%护士连续监测病人10分钟,20分钟和30分钟医生在30分钟时确定拔管Ferrer.AmJRespirCritCareMed20068.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00拔管和拔管后应用无创通气慢性心功能不全胸廓弹性差肥胖慢性高碳酸血症COPD病人既往拔管失败拔管后1小时,高碳酸血症45mmHgFerrer.AmJRespirCritCareMed20068.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00护士的观点通用的通气模式适应病人的情况不与病人“打架”报警少舒适镇静剂需求减少安全8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00医生的观点治疗中的一致性减少工作负荷减少镇静剂使用减少撤机持续时间简化呼吸管理改进治疗的组织结构促进学习8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.00病例1•患者,男性,诊断:硬膜外血肿术后、脑挫伤。•呼吸机辅助通气,SIMV模式,RR10次/分,VT480ml,FiO40%。•监测数据:呼吸机总呼吸频率12-14次/分,气道峰压17cmH20,SPO299%。•临床医生建议不撤机:1.患者自主呼吸能力较弱,自主呼吸2-4次/分。2.呼吸机监测到气道峰压较高。8.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.008.157.158.305.508.0011.706.405.700.450.305.906.4011.709.009.007.008.157.158.305.50
本文标题:适应性支持通气
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