古希腊英语ppt

AncientGreekcity11thcenturyBC-mid-2ndcenturyBC演讲者：徐宏秘，刘鸿，吴远波PPT制作者：丁奎AncientGreekcityisactuallyanindependentcountry古希腊的城市其实是独立的国家8thcenturyBCtothe6thcenturyBCformedaslaverepublicanformofgovernment.Undermaritimetradestimulation,theancientGreekcityawayfromagriculture,andthusmorehandsindustrializationandcommercialization,alsofeaturesmoremoderncity.Finally,thereappearedaGreekcity-state–Polis公元前8世纪到公元前6世纪形成了奴隶主共和制政体。在航海通商的刺激下，古希腊的城市远离农业，因而更加手工业化和商业化，也更具有现代城市的特点。最后希腊便出现了一个个城市国家—城邦AncientGreekcivilizationAncientGreekcivilizationhasbeenthedevelopmentofacomprehensive,highlyaccomplisheditsartsandcultureasapinnacleofworlddevelopmentofancientcivilizations.AdvocatingfreedomofancientGreekcivilization,richinpassion,butalsostressedtheideal古希腊文明曾得到全面的发展，其文化艺术的高度成就成为世界古代文明发展的一个巅峰。古希腊文明崇尚自由，富于热情，又强调理想.AncientGreekArt古希腊艺术AncientGreekartthatismagnificentgrandside,therearetheelegantside.Greekartexhibitharmonywithunparalleledintegritysurprising.ThemainfeaturesofGreekartisall-embracingharmonywithregularity,statelyandsolemn,itsmainfeatureisthehumanbody.古希腊艺术即有壮丽宏伟的一面，也有优雅的一面。希腊艺术中表现出的和谐性与无比的完整性令人吃惊。希腊艺术的主要特点是无所不包的和谐性与规律性，庄严与肃穆，它的主要特点是人体美。Mountain,lessflat,fragmented山地多，平地少，支离破碎。海洋国家AegeanseaSpartaAthensMinorAsiaMoreLikeaLargemodernvillageSmallhouseandhighcity-wallsTHEGREEKCITIESTHATWEARREALLYSTATESDiversestylesBuildingDignifiedandforcefulHercules大力士端庄雄浑EvolvedfromtheancientGreekclothingclothingrestrictions由古希腊服装演变的现代服装GERRKSELF-GOVERMENT古希腊的自治TheancientGreekswerethefirstself-governingnationinthehistoryoftheexperiment古希腊人是历史上最早进行自治实验的民族AncientGreekautonomyinancientGreekmeantthepeopleinpower.Today,democracyanddictatorshipusuallyrefersopposite,apoliticalmodelminorityissubordinatetothemajorityofthepeopleorcitizensofthemasters.Democracymeansthatcitizensareequalinformtoadmit,wehavedecidedtorecognizeandmanagethenationalsystemofequalrightsofthecountry.古希腊自治在古希腊语中意思是人民掌握权力。今天的民主通常是指与专制相对立，少数服从多数的人民或者公民当家作主的一种政治模式。民主意味在形式上承认公民一律平等，承认大家都有决定国家制度和管理国家的平等权利。StartEqualityofallGreekspoorwelfare.所有希腊人贫福均等。Smallvillagedevelopmentforthecity,theresidentsofthecityturnedintoasmallgroupofrichpeopleandalargegroupofpoorpeople.小村庄发展为城市，城市的居民变成了一小群富人和一大群穷人。ThenAristocraticprivilege,ruledthecity,thewarappearstyrant贵族享有特权，统治城市，战争出现暴君Early7thcenturyBC,theAtheniansweregivenalargenumberoffreementosay,letthemparticipateingovernmentadministration.公元前7世纪初，雅典人赋予为数众多的自由民们以发言权，让他们参与政府的管理。Peopleusethestonestovote人们使用石头投票Citizensspeech公民演说Athenianstofindareformer雅典人寻找到一位改革者——SolonSolonisancientAthenspoliticians,legislators,poet,oneoftheSevenSagesofancientGreece.Solonfirst594yearsasthecity-state'sfirstconsulinAthens,legislation,reform,knownastheSolonreform.梭伦是古代雅典的政治家，立法者，诗人，是古希腊七贤之一。梭伦在前594年出任雅典城邦的第一任执政官，制定法律，进行改革，史称“梭伦改革”。Greekslearnindependence,relyingonitsownstrengthtobefree.希腊人学会独立自主，依靠自己的力量获得自由。GERRKLIFE古希腊生活TheancientGreeksasthesystemofslaveryasanecessary古希腊人视奴隶制为一种必要的制度Theslavesoftheentirecityofcooking,bakingbread,makingcandles,etc.Allcontractorsdown.Theyarebarbers,carpenters,jewelryproductionworkers,primaryschoolteachersandlibrarians.奴隶们把整个城市的烹任、烤面包、制作蜡烛等工作全部承包下来。他们是理发师、木匠、珠宝制作工、小学教师和图书管理员。TheancientGreeksverysimplehouses古希腊人的房屋非常简朴SimpleinvogueontheancientGreekstable,theyloveclean,tidymodification,methodicallycombedhairandbeard,theyoftenexercise古希腊人餐桌上盛行的简朴之风，他们热爱干净，修饰整洁，头发和胡子梳理得有条不紊，他们常常锻炼1.Theyknowthevirtuesoftemperance,beingdrunkisdisdainfulbehavior.他们懂得节制的美德，喝得酩酊大醉是遭人蔑视的行为。2.Theyfeelthatthepublicdisplayofwealthfieldstationisquitevulgarbehavior他们觉得在公众场台炫耀财富是相当庸俗的行为3.Sotheywillowndailyneedstothelowestlevelofcompression,sothattheymaintainthetruespiritoffreedom.所以他们将自己的日常需要压缩至最低的程度，以便他们维持精神的真正自由。Theyoftenexercise,suchasgoingtothegymtoswim,suchastrackandfieldpractice,sohefeltstrong.TheynevercatchupwithfashionsinAsia,wearthosecolorful,patternedoutlandishcostumes.Menusuallydressedinwhitefull,asfashionablelookslikeamodernItalianofficialswearingblueshawlandpersonable.Inshort,theancientGreeklifeisnotonlymodest,butsimple.Chairs,tables,books,houses,carriages,etc.“thing”,itsownerwillalwaysoccupyalotoftimeintheend,theywilloccupytheirpeoplebecometheirslaves.Hehadexhaustingefforttotakecareofthem,clean,polish,polish.TheancientGreeksfirstwantis“freedom”isadoubleliberationofbodyandsoul.Sotheywillowndailyneedstothelowestlevelofcompression,sothattheymaintainthetruespiritoffreedom。他们常常锻炼，比如去体育馆游泳，比如练习田径，好让自己感觉强壮。他们从不追赶亚洲的流行式样，穿那些色彩艳丽、图案古怪的服装。男人们通常着一袭白饱，看上去就像现代身披蓝色披肩的意大利官员一样时髦而有风度。简而言之，古希腊的生活不仅节制，而且简朴。椅子、桌子、书籍、房子、马车等等“物件”，总会占据其拥有者大量的时间，最终，它们会使占有它们的人沦为自己的奴隶。他不得不耗神费力去照顾它们，擦拭、打磨、抛光。而古希腊人首先想要的是“自由”，是身体和心灵的双重解放。所以他们将自己的日常需要压缩至最低的程度，以便他们维持精神的真正自由Thankyouforwatching