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073012222Monica073012223Vera073012224Bblythe073012225SibelWarmupTranslation1.红眼病thegreeneye3.Johncanbereliedon,heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.“eatnofishandplaythegame”的源渊不明。原来在英国历史上宗教激烈斗争中,旧教规定,在斋日教徒可以吃鱼。新教徒推翻了旧教政府后,拒绝教徒在斋日吃鱼以示其忠于新教,所以“playthegame”就是有规可循,因此转移为“守规矩”。约翰为人可靠,既忠诚又守规矩。2.红茶blacktea4.Hewasintheseventhheavenlastnight.他昨晚很开心。西方的主要宗教(基督教\犹太教),天堂分为好几层,其中第7层是上帝的宝座所在。神居住的地,那当然是一个幸福之地Inseventhheaven暗喻心情极为快乐、满足。一种说法是因为在红茶加工过程中,茶叶的颜色越来越深,逐渐变成黑色,因此得名Black(黑)茶。另一种说法,则是因为在17世纪英国从福建进口茶叶时,在厦门收购的武夷红茶茶色浓深,故被称为Black(黑)茶。还有一种说法是因为西方人相对注重茶叶的颜色,因此称之为“Black(黑)”,而中国人相对注重茶汤的颜色,因此称之为“红”当然也有戏说,是古时中国绿茶得经过一年多的海上航程才能到英国,而绿茶在海上漂泊期间自动发酵,到达英国时茶叶就已经变深,因此被称为Black(黑)茶。英语和汉语对“绿色”有不同的感情色彩。在英语里,绿色除了代表“没经验”之外,还有一个重要的象征意义———忌妒。植物的绿色是健康、向上的标志,这对别的颜色是一种挑衅,所以西方人用“眼睛发绿”比喻“忌妒”。而在汉语里,人在忌妒时,眼睛往往气得发红,而“红眼病”的症状“眼部充血、变红”正好与人们忌妒的情形相似,是对忌妒的生动描述。DefinitionTypesSuggestionsDefinition•Untranslatabilityisapropertyofatext,orofanyutterance,inonelanguage,forwhichnoequivalenttextorutterancecanbefoundinanotherlanguagewhentranslated.Quiteoften,atextorutterancethatisconsideredtobeuntranslatableisactuallyalacuna,orlexicalgap.Thatis,thereisnoone-to-oneequivalencebetweentheword,expressionorturnofphraseinthesourcelanguageandanotherword,expressionorturnofphraseinthetargetlanguage.TypeLinguisticuntranslatabilityCulturaluntranslatabilityUntranslatabilityinPhonologyUntranslatabilityinCharacterStructureUntranslatabilityinFiguresofSpeechPunsAlliterationUntranslatabilityResultedfromCultureGapMaterialcultureTraditionalcultureReligiouscultureHistoricalcultureUntranslatabilityResultedfromCultureConflictMalapropismLinguisticuntranslatability•Viewfromtheetymology,EnglishbelongstotheIndo-Europeanlanguage,whileChinesebelongstotheSino-Tibetanlanguage,sothereexitthelinguisticuntranslatability,whichincludesthefollowingaspects:phonology,character,figureofspeech,andsoon.UntranslatabilityinPhonologyAnylanguagehasitsownspecialphonemicsystem,whichcannotbereplacedbyotherlanguage.Forexample:“石诗士施氏,嗜狮,誓食十狮……”Theauthorwrotethewholepassageinhomophonewords.Thisisatypicalexampleofuntranslatabilitycausedbyphonemicsystem.UntranslatabilityinCharacterStructure“田头长草”(苗),“Whatmakesaroadbroad?”(TheletterB).Ifthelatterriddleistranslatedinto:“什么使道路变宽?”(字母B)Everybodywillfellridiculous,andnoonecanunderstandthat.TheyallusethespecialfeatureofChinesecharacterstodescribethecharacterstructureinpoetrywiththeirmeaning.ButEnglishhasnosuchstructuresinalphabeticalsystem,sotheyareabsolutelyuntranslatable.UntranslatabilityinFiguresofSpeechMostofthelanguageshavetheirownfiguresofspeech.Justbecauseoftheexistenceoffigureofspeech,thelanguagesbecomevividandinteresting.Intranslationpractice,ifthetargetlanguagecannotshowthefigureofspeechinsourcelanguagecorrectly,itisnotfaithfultothecontent,thoughtandstyleofthesourcelanguage.Althoughtheirmeaningaresimilar,itwilllessenthelanguageinfluenceofthesourcetext.PunsPunmeanshumoroususeofawordthathastwomeaningsorofdifferentwordsthatsoundthesame.Punspackseveralmeaningsintooneword,anditisextremelyunlikelythatanyotherlanguagewillpackintothesamesetofmeanings,soitisdifficulttotranslateintothetargetlanguage.Exampleone:“Sheistoolowforahighpraise,toobrowntoafairpraise,andtoolittleforagreatpraise.”The“low”and“fair”areallpunsinthissentence.“Low”meansshortinheightandlowsocialstatus.“Fair”meanspaleskin,lightincolorandjustice.ThereisnowordorphraseinChinesehavingthetwomeaningstogether,sothetranslatorcannottranslatethetwocorrectlyintoChinese,onlyadoptonemeaning,andlosetheothermeaning.AlliterationAlliterationisusingthesameletterorsoundatthebeginningofthetwoormorewordsinsuccession.Forexample:Tomanyparents,thethreeGs,gays,guys,andgangshavereplacedthethreeRsasbenchmarkofschoollife.对于许多父母来说,同性恋,枪支,帮派这三个词已经代替了读,写,算作为学校的基本尺度。Inthistranslation,thethreeGs,gays,guys,gangsarealliteration,whichemphasizetheseriousproblemsofthegays,guysandgangs,butaftertranslatingthemintoChinese,wecannotseethiseffect.MalapropismMalapropismisafigureofspeechusingwrongwordswithsimilarpronunciationtensionorintensiontoreachthehumorseffect.”Malapropismbringsdifficultiesintranslation.Forexample:“我推开澳门,看到地上铺的是巴基斯坦,桌上摆的是刚果……”Thisisasentencefromcrosstalk,Chinesepeopleknowthehumorsnaturally,butifitistranslateditinto:“Pushingopenthe„Macau‟,Isaw„Pakistan‟pavedonthefloorand„Congo‟onthetable.Englishreaderscannotacceptthat,for„Macau‟isnotadoor,„Pakistan‟isnotablanket,and„Congo‟isnotfruiteither.MostoftheyoungergenerationinChinahaveheardthishumoroussentence:“我手持郑伊健,脚踏温兆轮,翻过赵本山,穿过关芝林,跨过潘长江,来到周星池……”Itisuntranslatabletoo.CulturaluntranslatabilityUntranslatabilityResultedfromCultureGapMaterialcultureDifferentnationsliveindifferentplaces,andwillhavedifferentimagesforthesamething.WeoftenhearsomeChinesesay:“走,喝酒去!”Theword“酒”isdifficulttotranslate.Itincludesliquor,spirit,alcohol,drink,beer,wine,andsoon.Thesewordsareall“酒”,buttheliquorandspiritmeanslowquality,andthedrinksincludeharddrinksandsoftdrinks,whilethewineisoftenreferredtothegrapeorfruitwine.ReligiousCultureInreligion,translationbecomesthemission.Forexample:“Endoftheworld”willmakeChinesepeoplethinkof
本文标题:untranslatability
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