高级英语unit12 I_have_a_dream

MartinLutherKingJr.WarmingupDictionaryWork1.momentous---veryimportant(event,change,decree;officialdecision,order,etc)2.dramatize---makesomethingmorenoticeable;highlight;expressoneselfinadramaticorexaggeratedway3.promissorynote---officialdecision,order,decree4.default---failtopaymoneyattherighttime;failtofulfillorsatisfyanengagement,claim,orobligation5.vault---aroomwiththickwallsandastrongdoorwheremoney,jewels,etc.arekept6.hallowed---holy;sacred;importantandrespectedbyalotofpeopleDictionaryWork7.gradualism---thebeliefthatchangestakeplaceslowly,withoutsuddenandviolenttransitions8.devotee---averyreligiousperson9.ghetto---slum;apartofacitywherepeopleofaparticularraceorclass,especiallypoorpeople,liveseparatelyfromtherestofthepeopleinthecity10.trailsandtribulations---somethingdifficulttodealwith11.wallow---indulge(oneself)in(possessions,emotion,etc.)DictionaryWork12.creed---asetofbeliefsorprinciples13.nullification---officialstatementthatsomethingismadenullandvoid;ofnolegalforceBackgroundInformationAmericanDream---HistorianJamesTruslowAdamscoinedthephrase“AmericanDream”inhis1931bookEpicofAmerica:---TheAmericanDreamisthatdreamofalandinwhichlifeshouldbebetterandricherandfullerforeveryman,withopportunityforeachaccordingtoabilityorachievement.ItisadifficultdreamfortheEuropeanupperclasstointerpretadequately,alsotoomanyofusourselveshavegrownwearyanddistrustfulofit.Itisnotadreamofmotorcarsandhighwagesmerely,butadreamofsocialorderinwhicheachmanandeachwomanshallbeabletoAmericanDreamattaintothefulleststatureofwhichtheyareinnatelycapable,andberecognizedbyothersforwhattheyare,regardlessofthefortuitouscircumstancesofbirthorposition.---Andlaterhewrote:AmericanDreamhathasluredtensofmillionsofallnationstoourshoresinthepastcenturyhasnotbeenadreamofamaterialplenty,thoughthathasdoubtlesslycountedheavily.Ithasbeenadreamofbeingabletogrowtofullestdevelopmentasamanandwoman,unhamperedbythebarrierswhichhadslowlybeenerectedintheoldercivilizations,AmericanDreamunrepressed（未受抑制的）bysocialorderswhichhasdevelopedforthebenefitofclassesratherthanforthesimplehumanbeingofanyandeveryclass.TheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovement---1955–1968---ReferstothemovementintheU.S.aimedatoutlawingracialdiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericansandrestoringsuffrage（选举权）inSouthernstates.ManyofthosewhowereactiveintheCivilRightsMovementprefertheterm“SouthernFreedomMovement”becausethestrugglewasaboutfarmorethanjustcivilrightsunderlaw;itwasalsoaboutfundamentalissuesoffreedom,respect,andeconomicandsocialequality.---Duringtheperiod1955–1968,actsofnonviolentprotestandcivildisobedienceproducedcrisisTheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovementSituationsbetweenactivistsandgovernmentauthorities.Federal,state,andlocalgovernments,business,andcommunitiesoftenhadtorespondimmediatelytocrisissituationswhichhighlightedtheinequalitiesfacedbyAfricanAmericans.Formsofprotestand/orcivildisobedienceincludedboycotts,“sit-ins”,marchesandawiderangeofothernonviolentactivities.TheMarchonWashingtonInthesummerof1963,whenthousandsofpeoplemarchontheWashingtonDChemadespeech---IhaveadreamWhydidMartinLutherKingfightforcivilrightsforblackpeople?Reasonsseparationofblacksandwhitesmixedracemarriagesforbiddennorighttovoteshopsrestaurantshospitalsbuses/trainsschoolsWhatcivilrightsdidMartinLutherKing,Jrwantedblackpeopletoget?VotingrightsEqualrightsPoliticalrightsWhofoughtforthefreedomofblacks?JohnBrownHarrietTubmanMartinLutherKingNelsonMandelaWhodoyouthinkismorerespected?RacialdiscriminationAbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)the16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.HeendedtheslaveryintheUSAin1865.Fast-readingOrganizationoftheText1.TorevealthefactthattheNegroeshadbeengiven“abadcheck”withacontrastbetweenthepastandthepresent.(Paras.1-3)2.KingemphasizestheurgencyofthetasksofbeinggrantedwiththeequalrightsconfrontingtheNegroes.(Paras.4-5)3.Kingappealstothedemonstratorstoresorttothenon-violentmeansintheirstruggleandnottotakeallthewhitepeopletobetheirenemy.(Para.6)OrganizationoftheText4.Kingcallsonhispeopletopersistintheirstruggle.(paras.7-8)5.TodescribethedreamKingcherishesandthebeautifulscenethatwouldemergewhenhisdreamisrealized.(paras9-27)ListeningCareful-readingPara.2Cripple---V.damagesb.Orsth.Severelysothathe/itcannotmove/functionproperlye.g.Hisfallfromthecliffcrippledhimforlife.Atotalcut-offofoilsupplycrippledthecountry’stransportation.Languish---(1)beforcedtoremaininanunpleasantsituation.Apersonmaylanguishinjail,insolitaryconfinement,etc.(2)losevitality,growweak.E.g.Plantslanguishbecauseofintenseheat.Para.2Anexileinhisownland---Anexileisusuallyapersonforcedtoleavehisowncountry,oftenforpoliticalreasons.Theblacklivesinhisowncountry,buthelivesthelifeofanexile,oranoutcast.Para.4Americahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote---Americahasfailedtofulfillitspromisethatallmenwouldbeguaranteedtheunalienablerightsof…---defaulton---failtofulfillanobligatione.g.Ifyoudefaultonyourmonthlymortgagepayment,yourapartmentislikelyberepossessed.Para.4ThetranquilizingdrugofgradualismGradualismisapolicyofgradualreformratherthansuddenchangeorrevolution,soitha