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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 人事档案/员工关系 > 《星球之战》At-War-with-the-Planet原文及翻译
1.Peopleliveintwoworlds.Likealllivingthings,weinhabitthisnaturalworld,createdovertheEarth's5-billion-yearhistorybyphysical,chemical,andbiologicalprocesses.Theotherworldisourowncreation:homes,cars,farms,factories,laboratories,food,clothing,books,paintings,music,poetry.Weacceptresponsibilityforeventsinourownworld,butnotforwhatoccursinthenaturalone.Itsstorms,droughts,andfloodsareactsofGod,freeofhumancontrolandexempt8fromourresponsibility.人类生活在两个世界中。和所有的生物一样,我们生存在这个经过50多亿年物理、化学、生物变化所形成的地球上,即自然世界。另外一个世界则源于人类的创造,如家庭、汽车、农场、工厂、实验室、食物、服装、书籍、绘画、音乐、诗歌等。我们为人类世界所发生的一切承担责任,却对自然世界的变化无能为力。风暴、干旱、洪水等都是上帝的“手笔”,人类无法控制,也无须负责。2.Now,onaplanetaryscale,thisdivisionhasbeenbreached.Withtheappearanceofacontinent-sizedholeintheEarth'sprotectiveozonelayerandthethreatofglobalwarming,evendroughts,floods,andheatwavesmaybecomeunwittingactsofman.但如今,从全球的角度看,这个界限已被打破。对地球起保护作用的臭氧层出现空洞,全球变暖威胁人类,甚至干旱、洪水、热电波等都可能是人类的无心之过。3.LiketheCreation,theportendingglobaleventsarecosmic:theychangetherelationshipbetweentheplanetEarthanditsstar,thesun.Thesun'spowerfulinfluenceontheEarthisexertedbytwoforces:gravityandsolarradiation.Gravityisanearlysteadyforcethatfixestheplanet'spatharoundthesun.Solarradiation—largelyvisibleandultravioletlight—isavaststreamofenergythatbathestheEarth'ssurface,fluctuatingfromdaytonightandseasontoseason.Solarenergyfuelstheenergy-requiringprocessesoflife;itcreatestheplanet'sclimateandgovernsthegradualevolutionandthecurrentbehaviorofitshugeandvariedpopulationoflivingthings.Wehavebeentamperingwiththispowerfulforce,unaware,liketheSorcerer'sApprentice,ofthepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofouractions.正如宇宙的建立,这种预示性的全球事件是影响深远的。它们改变了地球与它的恒星太阳之间的关系。太阳通过两种力量对地球发挥重要作用:重力和太阳辐射。重力是一种使地球轨道绕太阳转的稳定力量。太阳辐射——大部分为可见光和紫外线——是沐浴着地球表层的取之不尽、用之不竭的能量,它会随时间和季节的变化而波动。太阳能为生命进程提供必需的能量:它创造了地球上的气候并掌管着庞大而多样的生物群的逐渐进化和当前的行为。我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量,就像传说中的魔术师的徒弟一样,并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果。4.WehavebecomeaccustomedtothenowmundaneimageoftheEarthasseenfromthefirstexpeditiontothemoon—abeautifulbluespheredecoratedbyswirlsoffleecyclouds.Itisaspectacularlynaturalobject;atthatdistance,noovertsignsofhumanactivityarevisible.Butthisimage,nowrepeatedlythrustbeforeusinphotographs,posters,andadvertisements,ismisleading.Eveniftheglobalwarmingcatastrophenevermaterializes,andtheozoneholeremainsanesoteric,polarphenomenon,alreadyhumanactivityhasprofoundlyalteredglobalconditionsinwaysthatmaynotregisteronthecamera.Everywhereintheworld,thereisnowradioactivitythatwasnottherebefore,thedangerousresidueofnuclearexplosionsandthenuclearpowerindustry;noxiousfumesofsmogblanketeverymajorcity;carcinogenicsyntheticpesticideshavebeendetectedinmother'smilkallovertheworld;greatforestshavebeencutdown,destroyingecologicalnichesandtheirresidentspecies.自从人类第一次登月起,我们就一直习惯于如今这平常无奇的地球景象——一个被装点着旋涡状白云的蓝色星球。这真是个壮观的自然天体。隔着那么远的距离,人类活动的明显痕迹无法被察觉。但这种曾无数次展现在照片、海报和广告上的景象都是误导。即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生,即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象,人类活动已极大地改变了地球条件,这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的。世界的每个角落都出现了由核爆炸和核能工业的危险剩余物质所产生的辐射现象,那是从前不存在的;烟雾的有害烈焰笼罩在世界大都市的上空;各地都有报道发现母乳中有致癌的合成杀虫剂的成分;大片大片的森林被砍伐,摧毁了生态小环境,也毁灭了生存在其中的物种。5.Clearly,weneedtounderstandtheinteractionbetweenourtwoworlds:thenaturalecosphere,thethinglobalskinofair,water,andsoilandtheplantsandanimalsthatliveinit,andtheman-madetechnosphere—powerfulenoughtodeservesograndioseaterm.Thetechnospherehasbecomesufficientlylargeandintensetoalterthenaturalprocessesthatgoverntheecosphere.Andinturn,thealteredecospherethreatenstofloodourgreatcities,dryupourbountifulfarms,contaminateourfoodandwater,andpoisonourbodies—catastrophicallydiminishingourabilitytoprovideforbasichumanneeds.Thehumanattackontheecospherehasinstigatedanecologicalcounterattack.Thetwoworldsareatwar.显而易见,我们需要认识这两个世界间的相互作用:一个是稀薄的地表空气、水、土壤和植物、动物们赖以存在的生态圈;另一个是人造技术圈——它庞大的力量完全配得上这一称号。如此庞大和强烈的技术圈已经改变了控制自然圈的自然进程。接着,被改变了的生态圈也已淹没我们的城市,耗尽丰厚的农场资源,污染食物和水源,并毒害我们的身体——使我们削弱了供应人类基本需求的能力。人类对生态圈侵害已遭到生态圈的反击。两大世界正处于交战状态。6.Thetwospheresinwhichwelivearegovernedbyverydifferentlaws.OneofthebasiclawsoftheecospherecanbesummedupasEverythingisconnectedtoeverythingelse.Thisexpressesthefactthattheecosphereisanelaboratenetwork,inwhicheachcomponentpartislinkedtomanyothers.Thus,inanaquaticecosystemafishisnotonlyafish,theparentofotherfish.Itisalsotheproduceroforganicwastethatnourishesmicroorganismsandultimatelyaquaticplants;theconsumerofoxygenproducedphotosyntheticallybytheplants;thehabitatofparasites;thefishhawk'sprey.Thefishisnotonly,existentially,afish,butalsoanelementofthisnetwork,whichdefinesitsfunctions.Indeed,intheevolutionarysense,agoodpartofthenetwork—themicroorganismsandplants,forexample—precededthefish,whichcouldestablishitselfonlybecauseitfittedproperlyintothepreexistingsystem.我们所居住的两个世界分别受控于不同的规律。生态圈最基本的规律可概括为“万物都互相联系”。这说明生态圈是一个精密的网络,其间的每个成员都与其他成员相联系。因此,在海洋生态系统中,鱼不仅是鱼,也不仅是其他鱼的生育者;它还充当有机废料的生产者,而这些有机废料滋养着微生物甚至水生植物;它又是由植物光合作用生成的氧气的消耗者;它也是寄生虫的栖息地和鱼鹰的猎食对象。鱼并不仅仅是孤立的鱼,它也是网络上的一个要素并限制网络的功能。的确,从进化论的角度上看,网络中的很多成员,比如微生物和植物,都先于鱼而存在。但正因为鱼能适应这一业已存在的系统,它才得以立足。7.Inthetechnosphere,thecomponentparts—thethousandsofdifferentman-madeobjects—haveaverydifferentrelationtotheirsurroundings.Acar,forexample,imposesitselfonthene
本文标题:《星球之战》At-War-with-the-Planet原文及翻译
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