高考专题之形容词和副词

1语篇填空Idon’tthinkit1__________(difficulty)tolearnEnglishwell,becauseaslongasyouworkhard,youcanlearnitwell.Ibelievethatthe2_______(hard)youworkatyourstudy,thebetteryoucanlearnit.Forexample,LiPing,afriendof3_____,isthe4______hardworkingstudentinourclass,andhegets5______(high)marksthananyotherstudentinourclassineveryEnglishtest.difficultharderminemosthigher26______(lead)byhim,allthestudentsinourclassarestudyingEnglish7________________(越来越努力).Asaresult,inthelatestEnglishtest,ourclasswasthe8______(good)ofthetwokeyclassesinourschool,andthenumberofstudentswhogotexcellentmarksis9_______________________________(两倍大)thatoftheother.Therefore,10___ofusshouldstudyhardnomatterwhatwelearn.Ledharderandharderbettertwiceaslargeas/twicelargerthanall3链接高考1.形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点。主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。⑴形容词是作定语、表语、补语的典型词类。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词。4⑵副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语或整个句子。⑶形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。2.短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或本该用副词却用了形容词。不论语法填空还是短文改错，都要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。5形容词&副词*形容词表示某一事物的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征.**形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er.6形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语.例如：hotwater热水.Itishot.makeithot72)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰.大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类.例如：afraid害怕的.(错)Heisanillman.(对)Themanisill.(错)Sheisanafraidgirl.(对)Thegirlisafraid.这类词还有：well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等.***形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边.但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。8副词副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1）在实义动词前后.2）在be动词、助动词之后.3）多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后.9注意：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡.Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.b.方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾.HespeaksEnglishwell.10二、副词的排列顺序：1）时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后.2）方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接.Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词.注意：副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词.11程度副词：fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really地点副词：here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,abroad,elsewhere方式副词：carefully,happily,quietly,heavily,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily时间副词：today,yesterday,tomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thedayaftertomorrw,lastyear,now,then,oneyearago,soon,still,already,ever,nowandthen...12形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下：quick-quickly;true-truly;happy-happily;pssible-possibly.形容词变副词的一般规则132019-3-162019-3-16具体规则如下：1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如：quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly;imediate-immediately;recent-recently2.少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如：true-truly;due-duly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely143.以“y”结尾的，且读音为/i/，先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily;但是如果读音为/ai/，直接加ly，如：dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy---shyly4.以ic结尾的词，加ally，如：economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically;但是public-publicly例外。155.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-terriblygentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable-probably;incredible-incredibly元音字母加le时加ly，如：sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。166.以-ll结尾时，只须加–y，如：dull-dully;shrill-shrilly需注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：friendlypeople;motherlycare;lovelydog;monthlyexam;heavenlypeace17即学即用一、单句填空1.Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabit____________(slowly)?现在太快，问对方能否比现在更慢一点，用比较级；由形容词加-ly变成的副词的比较级，要在前面加more构成比较级。常修饰比较级的abit也提醒我们用比较级。moreslowly182.Thosewhohave_____(much)moneythansensemaysometimesactfoolishly.由关键词than可知用比较级。3.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewastwiceas_____(large)asthatoftheirs.在as…as结构之间，用原级。morelarge194.Thenewgroupofstudentsisbetter-behavedthantheothergroupwhostayedhere________(early).与现在这组学生相比“更早的”。5.ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted_____(good)ifithadbeenputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较，故用比较级。earlierbetter206.Speakingofallthesongshehaswritten,Ithinkthisisprobablyhis___________(well-known)one.因为是从他写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。7.Ofthetwocoats,I’dchoosethe______(cheap)onetosparesomemoneyforabook.因是两者比较，故用比较级。best-knowncheaper218.Workgetsdone____________(easily)whenpeopledoittogether,andtherewardsarehighertoo.从andtherewardsarehighertoo(得到的回报也更高)得到启示，要用比较级，省略了thanwhenpeopledon’tdoittogether。moreeasily229.Thiswashingmachineisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseituses_____(little)waterandelectricitythan_____(old)models.由“environmentallyfriendly(有利于保护环境的)”可知，这种洗衣机比“旧式的”洗衣机用“更少的”水和电。10.Idon’tthinkthisfilmisbyfarthemostboring.Ihaveseen______(bad).意思是“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”。worselessolder23单句改错1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestothevalueofhonesty.Accordingtome,nothingcouldbeimportant.在be后加more比较级表示最高级，句意：没有什么比诚实更重要。more242.Althoughhewasseriouslyinjuredinthedevastatingearthquake,herecoveredmorefasterthananyoneelseinWenchuanRedCrossHospital.去掉faster前的more因faster已经是比较级了。253.Mybelovedmotherboughtsomearticlesoffurnitureinthesecondhandmarketatanextremelylowprice,buttheyalllookwell.well→good因look系动词后面接形容词，well作形容词时意思是“身体好的”。264.Fast&Furious7isbyfartheexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.在the后加most由byfar和thatIhaveeverseen