您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 人事档案/员工关系 > Themes-in-Bernard-Malamud’s-Novels
ThemesinBernardMalamud’sNovelsIntroduction•InMalamud’sopinion,everyonehashisownquestandmustfacehistest.Onlythroughthistestwhichisalwaysakindofsuffering,theheroescandiscoverandrebuildtheirownmorallaws.Throughthisprocess,theheroeswilleventuallygaintheirspiriutalrenewal.Content•Introduction•1SourcesofMalamud’sWriting•1.1Jewishhistory•1.2TheNaziHolocaustandAnti-Semitism•1.3JewishCulture•1.4TheLiterature•2Themes•2.1MoralConcerns•2.2TheQuest•2.3TheTest•2.4Prisonvs.Freedom•ConclusionSourcesofMalamud’sWriting•1.1JewishhistoryNoothernationslikeJewrysuffersolongandgravehardshipsintheworld.FromAssyrians,(亚述人)Macedonians,(马其顿人)Babylonian,(巴比伦)EgyPtian,(埃及人)Carthaginians,(迦太基人)Persians,(波兰人)Greeks,(希腊人)RomanstotheCrusades,(十字军东征)the“BlackDeath”andglandplagueintheEuropean“DarkAge”.Fromthe“Ghetto”(隔都)setbytheVatican(梵蒂冈)Italy,the“BarDistrict”intheTsarRussiantothePolicytoexpeltheJewsandtoNaziGermany’sAuschwitz,BeiErGenBelsonconcentrationcamp,gaschambers…•1.2TheNaziHolocaustandAnti-Semitism•1.3JewishCulture•aThescripturesofJudaismandJewishBible•bJewishBelief“allpeopleareequal”•cTheconceptionoftheSupremeBeinginJudaism1.4TheLiterature•aJewishLiteratureandYiddishLanguage•OldTestament•Bible•JewishJoke•YiddishfolklorebOtherLiteraryInfluences•NathanielHawthorne•Possesstheabilitytocombinewithgreatskill,realityandthedream,thenaturalandsupernatural.MalamudalsoshareswithHawthornecertainothermodesandsubjects,suchas,themysteriousstranger,theghostlysearch,thetestoffaith,thePeculiarmarkofhabitandethicalquest.MarkTwain•fullofdialoguesandoraltradition,useofhumortoheightentheeffectivenessofhispresentationinthefiction.•fullofirony,bothshareconcernwiththesurvivalofinnocenceinacorruptedworld.•Hemingway•thedialogueintherhythmofYiddishspeeehhasawayofconcisenesswhichcharacterizesHemingway’sworks.2Themes•2.1MoralConcerns•Malamud’sstoriesallmaketheattainmentofmoralmaturitythroughloveandaltruism,andtheyallemphasizetheimportanceofself-redemptionandself-accomplishment.•a.MoralReconstruction•TheheroesofMalamudareusuallyordinaryandsolitarypeoplewhoconformtotheimageofsuffering.YettheyservetoaffirmthePossibilitiesofdignityTheyaretheprisonersofcircumstance,howevertheystillfindthemeaningofregeneration.ThisisMalamud’sabidingtheme—conversion,moralrebirth一whichsustainshishumanityinanagefilledwithutilitarianismandthedeclineofmoralityInhiscelebrationofthemoralcourage,Malamud’smoralitybeginstotakeonaNewTestamentlookandhischaracterbecomemoreChristlikeashebecomesmoreJewish.•“TheAssisant”•TheAssistanthastwocentralbiographies:thelifeanddeathofMorrisBober,andtheguiltandrebirthofFrankAlpine.•TheregenerationofFrank—hismoralandreligiousconversion—isthemainthemeofthebook.•Thisnovelislikeamoralallegory,andMalamud’sonlyconcernishumanmorality,inmyopinion,isjusthumanness.HeaspirestorecoverjusticeintheWorld,torecoverthehumanmeasureofuniversalthingsandtoembracethespirit’srenewal.•“TheMagicBarrel”•FinkleclutchesflowerstohisanxiousbreastandrunstowardhisredemptionmeetingwithStella.2.2TheQuest•Theherotravelssomewhereinquestormeetsaprobleminhislife;heisatragedian:hiswonselfishdesireistosearchblindlyforhisgoals;•Theresultofthissearchingisthattheprotagonistexperiencesapainfulprocessfromimmaturitytomaturity.•aThequestforcommunication•“Rembrandt’sHat”•Thisstoryrevealsthattocommunicatewithotherpeopleisdifficultbuteveryonehasthequestandthedesireincommunication.•“TheDeathofMe”•Inthesetales,thereistheneedforsensitiveunderstandingandcompassion,thatliesattherootofMalamud’svisionofhumanrelationships,thoughitisverydifficulttoachieve.bTheQuestforDestination•Thequestforsomekindofdestination,whichcanbetransmittedtoadefinitionoffindingahome.ThequestforadestinationimplicatesthethemeofJewishness.•“TheJewbird”•“TheJewbird”isanepitomeofwholeJews’fateandexperienceinhistory.Anditalsoinvolvesdisclosinganti-Semitism.•“TheGermanRefugee”•OskarGassnerwantstoescapefromtheNazisandanti-Semitism,Attheendhehaslostallhishopesforthefutureandgivesuphisownfate.HisdestinationinvolvesinthewholefateofJews.cTheQuestforLoveandIdentity•ThequestsforloveandidentityalwaysaccompanyeachotherinMalamud’sstories.•“TheLadyoftheLake”•InMalmuad’sopinionaperson’ssearchingforloveinvolveshissearchingofhisidentity.Ifyouwanttogetatruelove,youfirstlyunderstandwhoyouare.•“Theassistant”Frankensureshisownidentityfinallyintheprocessofseekinglove:hechangesintoaJewatlast.ThequestforloveisoneimportantthemeinMalamud’sstories.“TheFirstSevenYears”“TheMagieBarrel”2.3TheTest•InMalamud’sstories,thequestalwaysaccompaniesthetest.Whentheprotagonistsearchesforhisgoals,heencountershistest,too.Infact,JewsbelievethatoncetheymakesapromisetoGodtheymustacceptthetesttoverifytheirreligion.OnlywhentheheroPassesthistest,canhegetanepiphany,recognizehimself,accomplishhisownredemptionandgetaspiritualrenewal,otherwise,hewillbealoser.•“TheFxier”•YakovBokhopingforabetterlifethanhehad.HealsodenieshisJewishness.Attheend,hebeginstorageagainstinjusticeinsteadofsimplytryingtoavoidit.Infact,hehasreachedhismaturitythroughthistest,andundersandsthetruemeaningofhumanity.•“TheLadyoft
本文标题:Themes-in-Bernard-Malamud’s-Novels
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4033464 .html