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非谓语不定式(to)do分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)非谓语动词分类动词-ing形式不定式主语宾语表语宾补定语状语动名词主语宾语表语定语分词表语宾补定语状语例句观察1Thehousebeingbuildwillbeourlibraryuponitcompletion.2Thehousebuilt100yearagoisstillingoodcondition.done是过去分词,beingdone是现在分词被动式,一般都表示被动。做后置定语时done强调动作完成,beingdone强调动作正在进行做状语时,done强调状态,beingdone强调动作。3.Paintedwhite,theroomlooksbright.4.Beingpaintednow,theroomcan’tbelivedin例句观察5.Exposedtostrongheatandsunlight,ourskinmightgetburnt6.Beingexposedtostrongheatandsunlightwilldamageourskin.beingdone也表示动名词被动式。做主语和宾语时一般不表示进行。不及物动词的done只表示完成,beingdone只是及物动词才有的形式。7.Thefallenleavesusedinthepicturegiveitaspecialeffect区分性质☆doing是现在分词,含有主动与正在进行的意义,表示事物本身具有的性质。例如:Believingtheearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.需要注意的是,它所表示的动作与主句的动作一定是同时发生,或基本同时发生同时存在的动作。例如:Doyouknowthegirl_____besideheryesterday?选项应当是whosat而不是sitting☆doing同时还是动名词,主要充当主语与宾语。例如:Seeingisbelieving.enjoy、avoid等等,这一类词都需要接动名词来充当宾语。☆done是过去分词,含有被动与完成的意思,在句子中充当状语,通常是表示原因或方式的状语。例如:Lookedatinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.另外,doing和done本质上都是形容词,都可以用于系表结构,分别表示不同的含义。例如:Thesonisdisappointingandthefatherisdisappointed.Theclassisboringandthestudentsarebored.Heisinterestingandsheisinterested.Theemployeesarepleasingandtheemployerispleased.☆beingdone有两种含义:1动名词短语,是动名词的被动形式,通常充当主语或者宾语。例如:Beingsupportedbyothersmeansbeingacceptedbythem.Hedidn’tmindbeingleftathome.*(动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在前面加上一个名词或代词所有格)思考:为什么worth、need、require之类的词后面接动名词作宾语?2、beingdone作为现在分词短语,表示被动与正在进行,意为“正在被……”一般置于句首,与主句之间由逗号隔开,通常表示原因。如:Beingchasedbysomespies,hehidhimselfinthegrass.☆havingdone与havingbeendone均为现在分词的完成体,表示该动作发生在主句动作之前,可用来表示原因或让步,但前一个是主动形式,而后一个则是被动形式。例如:Havingseenthefilmalready,Ideclinedhisinvitationtogotothecinema.例如:Havingbeenshownmanytimes,hestilldidn'tunderstandtheoperationofthemachine.例如:Heapologizedforhavingbrokenhispromise.所以,havingdone与havingbeendone还是动名词的完成体动名词的一般式和完成式都可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,有时两者可互换(用一般式往往显得更简洁)例如:Irememberseeing[havingseen]hersomewhere.二.找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态一.辨别“谓与非谓”非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结:谓非谓,找主语,析语态,定时态(一)分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”(如果是非谓语,判断所充当的成分)1.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意连词3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意标点符号非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。(二)找逻辑主语1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.4.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.一般来说,作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语;作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语;作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。(三)分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。(四)分析时态1.Thebuilding____nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding____nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built____C________B________D比如说judge一词,既有judging也有judged的形式,判断依据就是要看judge的动作发出者是谁。例如:Judgingfromthesituation,themanwantedbythepolicecouldn’tbefarwayfromhere.很显然,Judging的动作发出者不是theman,是其他人在进行判断。再例如:Judgedbythedoctor,hemustbeoperatedonatonce.在这句话中,doctor是动作的发出者。实战讨论:Judging/Judgedbythelookonhisface,hedoesn’tthinkmuchofourlocalwine.在这里,到底是judging还是judged呢?Compare是否也属于这一类词呢?Comparingwithhistory,aman’slifetimeislimited.Comparedwithhisroom,myroomissmall.分词短语作状语须注意的问题:练习:判断正误并改正1.Standingatthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.(√)*现在分词所表示的动作由句子的主语发出=Whenwestandatthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.2.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.(×)*Seenfromthetopofthehill,ShiyanTowncanbeseenclearly.*过去分词表示的动作由句子的主语承受=whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,ShiyanTowncanbeseenclearly.3.Moveddeeplybywhathesaid,sohedecidedtohelpthepoorgirl.(×)*去掉so*分词短语作状语,不能和连词连用.Becausehewasmoveddeeplybywhathesaid,sohedecidedtohelpthepoorgirl.(×)4.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followingbysixstudents.(×)Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbysixstudents.*过去分词的动作由主语承受,而现在分词的动作有主语发出.分词作状语的基本原则:分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时,必须加上其自己的逻辑主语,这种结构成为独立主格结构。如:Springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife.再如:Thebossbeingill,themeetingwasputoff.Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforaspringouting.因为coming的逻辑主语,并不是thefields,应补上它的逻辑主语spring,练习:1.Manystudents_____around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.(07重庆)A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding2.There___nothingtotalkabout,everyoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.wasB.hadC.beingD.having3.Everything____intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirposition.A.totakenB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking
本文标题:doing、done、being-done
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