《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》(英文版)

《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》(英文版)  InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights    Adoptedandopenedforsignature,ratificationandaccessionbyGeneralAssemblyresolution2200A(XXI)of16December1966,entryintoforce23March1976,inaccordancewithArticle49      Preamble  TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,  Consideringthat,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesproclaimedintheCharteroftheUnitedNations,recognitionoftheinherentdignityandoftheequalandinalienablerightsofallmembersofthehumanfamilyisthefoundationoffreedom,justiceandpeaceintheworld,  Recognizingthattheserightsderivefromtheinherentdignityofthehumanperson,  Recognizingthat,inaccordancewiththeUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,theidealoffreehumanbeingsenjoyingcivilandpoliticalfreedomandfreedomfromfearandwantcanonlybeachievedifconditionsarecreatedwherebyeveryonemayenjoyhiscivilandpoliticalrights,aswellashiseconomic,socialandculturalrights,  ConsideringtheobligationofStatesundertheCharteroftheUnitedNationstopromoteuniversalrespectfor,andobservanceof,humanrightsandfreedoms,  Realizingthattheindividual,havingdutiestootherindividualsandtothecommunitytowhichhebelongs,isunderaresponsibilitytostriveforthepromotionandobservanceoftherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant,  Agreeuponthefollowingarticles:    PARTI    Article1  1.Allpeopleshavetherightofself-determination.Byvirtueofthatrighttheyfreelydeterminetheirpoliticalstatusandfreelypursuetheireconomic,socialandculturaldevelopment.  2.Allpeoplesmay,fortheirownends,freelydisposeoftheirnaturalwealthandresourceswithoutprejudicetoanyobligationsarisingoutofinternationaleconomicco-operation,basedupontheprincipleofmutualbenefit,andinternationallaw.Innocasemayapeoplebedeprivedofitsownmeansofsubsistence.  3.TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,includingthosehavingresponsibilityfortheadministrationofNon-Self-GoverningandTrustTerritories,shallpromotetherealizationoftherightofself-determination,andshallrespectthatright,inconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheCharteroftheUnitedNations.    PARTII    Article2  1.EachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakestorespectandtoensuretoallindividualswithinitsterritoryandsubjecttoitsjurisdictiontherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant,withoutdistinctionofanykind,suchasrace,colour,sex,language,religion,politicalorotheropinion,nationalorsocialorigin,property,birthorotherstatus.  2.Wherenotalreadyprovidedforbyexistinglegislativeorothermeasures,eachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakestotakethenecessarysteps,inaccordancewithitsconstitutionalprocessesandwiththeprovisionsofthepresentCovenant,toadoptsuchlawsorothermeasuresasmaybenecessarytogiveeffecttotherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant.  3.EachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakes:  (a)Toensurethatanypersonwhoserightsorfreedomsashereinrecognizedareviolatedshallhaveaneffectiveremedy,notwithstandingthattheviolationhasbeencommittedbypersonsactinginanofficialcapacity;  (b)Toensurethatanypersonclaimingsucharemedyshallhavehisrighttheretodeterminedbycompetentjudicial,administrativeorlegislativeauthorities,orbyanyothercompetentauthorityprovidedforbythelegalsystemoftheState,andtodevelopthepossibilitiesofjudicialremedy;  (c)Toensurethatthecompetentauthoritiesshallenforcesuchremedieswhengranted.  Article3  TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantundertaketoensuretheequalrightofmenandwomentotheenjoymentofallcivilandpoliticalrightssetforthinthepresentCovenant.  Article4  1.Intimeofpublicemergencywhichthreatensthelifeofthenationandtheexistenceofwhichisofficiallyproclaimed,theStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantmaytakemeasuresderogatingfromtheirobligationsunderthepresentCovenanttotheextentstrictlyrequiredbytheexigenciesofthesituation,providedthatsuchmeasuresarenotinconsistentwiththeirotherobligationsunderinternationallawanddonotinvolvediscriminationsolelyonthegroundofrace,colour,sex,language,religionorsocialorigin.  2.Noderogationfromarticles6,7,8(paragraphsIand2),11,15,16and18maybemadeunderthisprovision.  3.AnyStatePartytothepresentCovenantavailingitselfoftherightofderogationshallimmediatelyinformtheotherStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,throughtheintermediaryoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,oftheprovisionsfromwhichithasderogatedandofthereasonsbywhichitwasactuated.Afurthercommunicationshallbemade,throughthesameintermediary,onthedateonwhichitterminatessuchderogation.  Article5  1.NothinginthepresentCovenantmaybeinterpretedasimplyingforanyState,grouporpersonanyrighttoengageinanyactivityorperformanyactaimedatthedestructionofanyoftherightsandfreedomsrecognizedhereinorattheirlimitationtoagreaterextentthanisprovidedforinthepresentCovenant.  2.ThereshallbenorestrictionuponorderogationfromanyofthefundamentalhumanrightsrecognizedorexistinginanyStatePartytothepresentCovenantpursuanttolaw,conventions,regulationsorcustomonthepretextthatthepresentCovenantdoesnotrecognizesuchrightsorthatitrecognizesthemtoalesserextent.    PARTIII    Article6  1.Everyhumanbeinghastheinherentrighttolife.Thisrightshallbeprotectedbylaw.Nooneshallbearbitrarilydeprivedofhislife.  2.Incountrieswhichhavenotabolishedthedeat