轻型货车车架设计

中原工学院毕业设计说明书毕业设计(论文)说明书题目名称：轻型货车车架设计院系名称：机电学院班级：车辆072学号：200700374203学生姓名：吴亚指导教师：朱从云禹文涛2010年05月中原工学院毕业设计说明书I摘要本设计课题是关于轻型载货汽车的车架设计。所设计的车架结构形式是前后等宽的边梁式车架，其中纵梁和横梁的截面形状都采用槽型，纵梁与横梁通过焊接连接。本说明书涉及了现阶段载货汽车技术的发展趋势，以及国内外载货汽车车架的发展状况；说明书还详细阐明了轻型载货汽车的方案论证：车架的设计要求、车架结构的确定、车架宽度的确定、车架纵梁形式的确定、车架横梁形式的确定、车架纵梁与横梁连接形式的确定、车架的受载分析以及车架的强度计算。在计算时把车架简化成为一个位于支座上的静定结构，然后，用材料力学的知识对本车架进行强度计算，并且在满足应力要求的条件下，确定车架纵梁的断面尺寸。关键词：轻型货车、车架、设计中原工学院毕业设计说明书IIAbstractThisdesignissueisabouttheframeoflight-sizedtruck.Theframestructuredesignedisthesideframewiththebeamwidth,inwhichtheshapeoflongitudinalandcross-sectionbeamsareslot,railsandbeamsareconnectedbywelding.Thispaperinvolvesinlatelythetechnologydevelopmenttrendoftruckaswellasthedomesticandforeigntruckframedevelopment;Thispaperalsoexposeindetailthelight-sizedtruckwithschemedemonstration:therequirementofframedesign、determinationofframestructure、determinationofframewidth、determinationofstringerform、determinationofbeamsform、theconnectionformofbeams、analysisofloadtheframesuffersandthestrengthcalculation.Theframewillbesimplifiedasastableobjectivewhencalculating,andthencalculatethestrengthwithmechanicsmaterialsknowledgeanddeterminethesizeoftheframerailswiththepreconditionthatitmeetstherequirementofstress.Keywords:light-sizedtrucks,trailers,design中原工学院毕业设计说明书目录摘要...........................................................................................................................................................IAbstract...................................................................................................................................................II目录..........................................................................................................................................................31绪论....................................................................................................................................................11.1概述......................................................................................................................................11.2车架的发展............................................................................................................................22设计方案论证....................................................................................................................................42.1参考车型及其参数................................................................................................................42.2车架在实际环境下要面对的4种压力................................................................................42.3车架设计的技术要求............................................................................................................52.4车架结构的确定....................................................................................................................63车架的设计......................................................................................................................................103.1车架结构形式的设计..........................................................................................................103.2车架的受载分析..................................................................................................................143.3弯曲强度计算时的基本假设..............................................................................................143.4纵梁的弯矩和剪力的计算..................................................................................................154车架的制造工艺..............................................................................................................................224.1车架梁的制造工艺..............................................................................................................224.2焊接工艺..............................................................................................................................254.3涂装工艺..............................................................................................................................265结论..................................................................................................................................................27参考文献................................................................................................................................................28致谢........................................................................................................................................................29附录........................................................................................................................................................30中原工学院毕业设计说明书11绪论1.1概述汽车车架是整个汽车的基体，是将汽车的主要总成和部件连接成汽车整体的金属构架，对于这种金属构架式车架，生产厂家在生产设计时应考虑结构合理，生产工艺规范，要采取一切切实可行的措施消除工艺缺陷，保证它在各种复杂的受力情况下不至于被破坏。车架作为汽车的承载基体，为货车、中型及以下的客车、中高级和高级轿车所采用，支撑着发动机离合器、变速器、转向器、非承载式车身和货箱等所有簧上质量的有关机件，承受着传给它的各种力和力矩。为此，车架应有足够的弯曲刚度，以使装在其上的有关机构之间的相对位置在汽车行驶过程中保持不变并使车身的变形最小；车架也应有足够的强度，以保证其有足够的可靠性与寿命，纵梁等主要零件在使用期内不应有严重变形和开裂。车架刚度不足会引起振动和噪声，也使汽车的乘坐舒适性、操纵稳定性及某些机件的可靠性下降。本说明书只是叙述非承载式车身结构形式中单独的车架系统。承载式汽车，前、后悬架装置，发动机及变速器等传动系部件施加的作用力均由车架承受，所以，车架总成的刚性、强度及