刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记(免费)

英国文学简史完全版AConciseHistoryofBritishLiteratureChapter1EnglishLiteratureofAnglo-SaxonPeriodI.Introduction1.Thehistoricalbackground（1）BeforetheGermanicinvasion（2）DuringtheGermanicinvasiona.immigration;b.Christianity;c.heptarchy.d.socialclassesstructure:hide-hundred;eoldermen（lord）–thane-middleclass（freemen）-lowerclass（slaveorbondmen:theow）;e.socialorganization:clanortribes.f.militaryOrganization;g.Churchfunction:spirit,civilservice,education;h.economy:coins,trade,slavery;i.feastsandfestival:Halloween,Easter;j.legalsystem.2.TheOverviewoftheculture（1）ThemixtureofpaganandChristianspirit.（2）Literature:a.poetry:twotypes;b.prose:twofigures.II.Beowulf.1.Ageneralintroduction.2.Thecontent.3.Theliteraryfeatures.（1）theuseofalliteration（2）theuseofmetaphorsandunderstatements（3）themixtureofpaganandChristianelementsIII.TheOldEnglishProse1.Whatisprose?2.figures（1）TheVenerableBede（2）AlfredtheGreatChapter2EnglishLiteratureoftheLateMedievalAgesI.Introduction1.TheHistoricalBackground.（1）Theyear1066:NormanConquest.（2）Thesocialsituationssoonaftertheconquest.A.Normannoblesandserfs;B.restorationofthechurch.（3）The11thcentury.A.thecrusadeandknights.B.dominanceofFrenchandLatin;（4）The12thcentury.A.thecentralizedgovernment;B.kingsandthechurch（HenryIIandThomas）;（5）The13thcentury.A.ThelegendofRobinHood;B.MagnaCarta（1215）;C.thebeginningoftheParliamentD.EnglishandLatin:officiallanguages（theend）（6）The14thcentury.a.theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons—conflictbetweentheParliamentandKings;b.theriseoftowns.c.thechangeofChurch.d.theroleofwomen.e.theHundredYears'War—starting.f.thedevelopmentofthetrade:London.g.theBlackDeath.h.thePeasants'Revolt—1381.i.ThetranslationofBiblebyWycliff.（7）The15thcentury.a.ThePeasantsRevolt（1453）b.TheWarofRosesbetweenLancastersandYorks.c.theprinting-press—WilliamCaxton.d.thestartingofTudorMonarchy（1485）2.TheOverviewofLiterature.（1）thestoriesfromtheCelticlandsofWalesandBrittany—greatmythsoftheMiddleAges.（2）GeoffryeofMonmouth—HistoriaRegumBritanniae—KingAuthur.（3）Wace—LeRomandeBrut.（4）Theromance.（5）thesecondhalfofthe14thcentury:Langland,Gawinpoet,Chaucer.II.SirGawinandGreenKnight.1.ageneralintroduction.2.theplot.III.WilliamLangland.1.Life2.PiersthePlowmanIV.Chaucer1.Life2.LiteraryCareer:threeperiods（1）Frenchperiod（2）Italianperiod（3）masterperiod3.TheCanterburyTalesA.TheFramework;B.TheGeneralPrologue;C.TheTaleProper.4.HisContribution.（1）HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes.（2）HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglishlanguage.（3）ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.V.PopularBallads.VI.ThomasMaloryandEnglishProseVII.ThebeginningofEnglishDrama.1.MiraclePlays.MiracleplayormysteryplayisaformofmedievaldramathatcamefromdramatizationoftheliturgyoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Itdevelopedfromthe10thtothe16thcentury,reachingitsheightinthe15thcentury.Thesimplelyriccharacteroftheearlytextswasenlargedbytheadditionofdialogueanddramaticaction.Eventuallytheperformancewasmovedtothechurchyardandthemarketplace.2.MoralityPlays.Amoralityplayisaplayenforcingamoraltruthorlessonbymeansofthespeechandactionofcharacterswhicharepersonifiedabstractions–figuresrepresentingvicesandvirtues,qualitiesofthehumanmind,orabstractconceptionsingeneral.3.Interlude.Theinterlude,whichgrewoutofthemorality,wasintended,asitsnameimplies,tobeusedmoreasafillerthanasthemainpartofanentertainment.Asitsbestitwasshort,witty,simpleinplot,suitedforthediversionofguestsatabanquet,orfortherelaxationoftheaudiencebetweenthedivisionsofaseriousplay.Itwasessentiallyanindoorsperformance,andgenerallyofanaristocraticnature.Chapter3EnglishLiteratureintheRenaissanceI.AHistoricalBackgroundII.TheOverviewoftheLiterature（1485-1660）Printingpress—readership—growthofmiddleclass—trade-educationforlaypeople-centralizationofpower-intellectuallife-exploration-newimpetusanddirectionofliterature.Humanism-studyoftheliteratureofclassicalantiquityandreformededucation.Literarystyle-modeledontheancients.Theeffectofhumanism-thedisseminationofthecultivated,clear,andsensibleattitudeofitsclassicallyeducatedadherents.1.poetryThefirsttendencybySidneyandSpenser:ornate,florid,highlyfiguredstyle.ThesecondtendencybyDonne:metaphysicalstyle—complexityandingenuity.ThethirdtendencybyJohnson:reaction——Classicallypureandrestrainedstyle.ThefourthtendencybyMilton:centralChristianandBiblicaltradition.2.Dramaa.thenativetraditionandclassicalexamples.b.thedramastandshighestinpopularestimation:Marlowe–Shakespeare–Jonson.3.Prosea.translationofBible;b.More;c.Bacon.II.Englishpoetry.1.SirThomasWyattandHenryHoward（courtlymakers）（1）Wyatt:introducingsonnets.（2）Howard:introducingsonnetsandwritingthefirstblankverse.2.SirPhilipSidney—poet,critic,prosewriter（1）Life:a.Englishgentleman;b.brilliantandfascinatingpersonality;c.courtier.（2）worksa.Arcadia:pastoralromance;b.AstrophelandStella（108）:sonnetsequencetoPenelopeDvereux—platonicdevotion.Petrarchanconceitsandoriginalfeelings-movingtocreativeness—buildingofanarrativestory;theme-loveorigin