英国文学复习要点(教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》)

英国文学复习要点（教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》）PartOne:EarlyandMedieval1.Beowulf:nationalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory;alliteration,metaphorsandunderstatements.*2.Romance（名词解释）(1).Thebasicmaterialofmedievalromanceisknightlyactivityandadventure;wemightbestdefinemedievalromanceasastoryofadventure--fictitious,frequentlymarvelousorsupernatural--inverseorprose.(2).Alongcompositiondescribingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.Thecentralcharacterwastheknight,amanofnoblebirthskilledintheuseofweaponswhowasverydevotedtothekingortothechurch.(3).Onewhowantedtobeaknightshouldservepatientlyuntilhewasadmittedtotheknighthoodwithsolemnceremonyandtheswearingofoaths.TheNatureoftheRomance:(4).TheNatureoftheRomance:1）Themes:Loyaltytothekingandthelord,whichwasthecorner-stoneoffeudalmorality.2）Theaudiencewasofnoblepeoplefromthecourtorthecastle.3）TheRomancehadnothingtodowiththecommonpeople.4）TheRomancewerewrittenforthenoble,ofthenobleandinmostcasesbythepoetspatronizedbythenoble.*3.PiersthePlowman.Over7000lines,writtenbyWilliamLangland.*4.Ballad民谣（名词解释）1.Ashortnarrativepoemwithstanzasoftwoorfourlinesandusuallyarefrain.Thestory,folklorepopularlegends.straightforwardverse,swithgraphicsimplicityandforce.suitableforsinginggenerallywritteninballadmeter,withthelastwordsofthesecondandfourthlinesrhyming.2.thesubjectsofBallad:(1)thestruggleofyoungloverswhoarefightagainstthefeudalism(2)theconflictbetweenloveandwealth(3)thecrueltyofjealousy(4)thecriticismofthecivilwar(5)themattersofclassstruggles.5.CharacterofRobinHood1.RobinHood---AlegendaryEnglishheroofmanyballads,whorobbedtherichtogivetothepoor;apopularmodelofcourage,generosityandjustice.2.strong,brave,clever,tender-hearted,affectionate.Hatredtothecrueloppressors,loveforthepoorandthedowntrodden*6.GeoffreyChaucer桥搜:founderofEnglishpoetry;TheCanterburyTales(maincontents;124storiesplanned,only24finished;writteninMiddleEnglish;significance;form:heroiccouplet)7.Heroiccouplet(名词解释)AheroiccoupletisatraditionalformforEnglishpoetry,commonlyusedforepicandnarrativepoetry;itreferstopoemsconstructedfromasequenceofrhymingpairsofiambicpentameterlines.Troditionalformforenglishpoetry,commonlyusedforepicandnarrativepoetry,asequenceofrhymingparisofiambicpentameter.8.TheAuthorizedVersionofEnglishBibleanditssignificance.*9.Renaissance（名词解释）1.aculturalandartisticmovementinEnglandfromtheearly16thcenturytotheearly17thcentury.TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattempts:(1)togetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,(2)tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,(3)torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.*10.ThomasMore——Utopia*11.Sonnet（名词解释）Thesonnetisapoemin14lineswithoneortheotherrhymeschme,aformmuchinvogueinRenaissanceEurope,expeciallyinItaly,FranceandEngland.In1609appearedShakespeare’ssonnets.TheSonnetswerewrittenoveranumberofyears,probablybeginningintheearly1590s.12.Blankverse（名词解释）13.EdmundSpenser“TheFaerieQueene”;Amoretti(collectionofhissonnets)SpenserianStanza（名词解释）StanzaformdevelopedbyEdmundSpenserandalmostcertainlyinfluencedbyrhymeroyalandottavarima.Spenser'sstanzahasninelinesandisrhymeda-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c.Thefirsteightlinesofthestanzaareiniambicpentameterandthelastlineiniambichexameter.HeusedthisforminhisepicpoemTheFaerieQueene.JohnKeats,agreatadmirerofSpenser,usedthisstanzainhispoemTheEveofSt.Agnes.*14.FrancisBacon“essays”esp.“OfStudies”（本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）*16.WilliamShakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家。四大喜剧（AMidsummerNight'sDream-TheMerchantofVenice-AsYouLikeIt-TwelfthNight），四大悲剧（Macbeth-KingLear-Hamlet-Othello）比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱丽叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，最重要的喜剧作品是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnets，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗）*18.JohnMilton三大史诗(1667ParadiseLost1671ParadiseRegained1671SamsonAgonistes)非常重要，特别是ParadiseLost和SamsonAgonistes。对于ParadiseLost需要知道它是blankverse写成的，故事情节来自OldTestament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。对于SamsonAgonistes要知道它是poeticaldrama，知道故事大概情节及其来源。课本中的briefsummary中5条要看。Theme—arevoltagainstGod’sauthorityTheimageofSatan:thespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGodSamsoAgonistes---poeticaldramaBriefsummary1.Miltonwaspoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewasamilitantpamphleteeroftheEnglishRevolution,andthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury.2.MiltonwrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HisinfluenceisomnipresentinalmostalllaterEnglishpoetry.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse.3.Miltonisamasteroftheblankverse.Hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Here,hisowngeniusforpoetryandmatchlessdaringinexperimentintroducedvariety(variationofpause,connnectionoflines,etc.)andachievedextraordinaryfreedomfrommonotony.InParadiseLost,heacquiresanabsolutemasteryoftheblankverse.4.Miltonisagreatstylist.Heisfamousforhisgrandstyle,whichistheresultofhislifelongclassicalandbiblicalstudy.Buthisstyleisneverexactlynatural.Itisartattainedbydefiniteandconscientiousrhetoricaldevices.Forexample,helikestouseLatinismsandpropernamesofresonanceandcol