意象主义诗歌

意象主义诗歌Imagism含Image之意，意象主义产生于第一次世界大战前，创始人为ThomasErnestHulme(休姆）。1908年他的《秋》被认为是第一首意象诗。1909年在伦敦创建意象主义俱乐部，庞德是成员。EzraPound（庞德）•1913年，庞德得到了一个名叫ErnestFenollosa的美国东方学家死后留下的一批中国文学资料，这些资料都有详细的英语注释。因此，庞德看得懂，中国诗的写法在很多方面符合庞德追求的“意象”这一审美趣味。境界说词以境界为最上，有境界则自成高格，自有名句。五代、北宋之词所以独绝者在此。境非所谓景物也，情感亦人心中之一境界。故能写真景物，真感情者，谓之有境界，否则谓之无境界。－－王国维王国维《人间词话》“红杏枝头春意闹”，著一“闹”字，而境界全出。“云破月来花弄影”，著一“弄”字，而境界全出矣。宋祈《玉楼春》：东城渐觉风光好，縠皱波纹迎客棹。绿杨烟外晓寒轻，红杏枝头春意闹。浮生长恨欢娱少，肯爱千金轻一笑。为君持酒劝斜阳，且向花间留晚照。张先《天仙子》《水调》数声持酒听，午醉醒来愁未醒。送春春去几时回？临晚镜，伤流景，往事后期空记省。沙上并禽池上暝，云破月来花弄影。重重帘幕密遮灯，风不定，人初静，明日落红应满径。王国维人生学问事业的三种境界古今之成大事业、大学问者，必经过三种之境界：“昨夜西风凋碧树。独上高楼，望尽天涯路。”此第一境也。“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。”此第二境也。“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。”此第三境也。王国维人生学问事业的三种境界此等语皆非大词人不能道。然遽以此意解释诸词，恐为晏、欧诸公所不许也。晏殊《蝶恋花》：槛菊愁烟兰泣露，罗幕轻寒，燕子双飞去。明月不谙离恨苦，斜光到晓穿朱户。昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路。欲寄彩笺兼尺素，山长水阔知何处？王国维人生学问事业的三种境界柳永《蝶恋花》：伫倚危楼风细细，望极春愁，黯黯生天际。草色烟光残照里，无言谁会凭阑意？拟把疏狂图一醉，对酒当歌，强乐还无味。衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。王国维人生学问事业的三种境界辛弃疾《青玉案》：东风夜放花千树，更吹落、星如雨。宝马雕车香满路。凤箫声动，玉壶光转，一夜鱼龙舞。蛾儿雪柳黄金缕，笑语盈盈暗香去。众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。刘彻（LiuChe）Therustlingofthesilkisnotcontinued.Dustdriftsoverthecourt-yard.Thereisnosoundoffoot-fall,andtheleaves,scurryintoheapsandliestill.Andshetherejoiceroftheheartisbeneaththem.落叶哀蝉曲罗袂兮无声，玉墀兮尘生。虚房冷而寂寞，落叶依于重扃。望彼女之美兮安得，感余心之未宁。地铁站台（Metro）InthestationoftheMetro,theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowed:patalsonawet,blackbough.人群中出现的那些脸庞，潮湿、黝黑树枝上的花瓣。EzraPoundTheRiver-Merchant'sWife:ALetterWhilemyhairwasstillcutstraightacrossmyforeheadIplayedaboutthefrontgate,pullingflowers.Youcamebyonbamboostilts,playinghorse,Youwalkedaboutmyseat,playingwithblueplums.AndwewentonlivinginthevillageofChokan:Twosmallpeople,withoutdislikeorsuspicion.TheRiver-Merchant'sWife:ALetter(2)•AtfourteenImarriedMyLordyou.•Ineverlaughed,beingbashful.•Loweringmyhead,Ilookedatthewall.•Calledto,athousandtimes,Ineverlookedback.•AtfifteenIstoppedscowling,•Idesiredmydusttobemingledwithyours•Foreverandforeverandforever.•WhyshouldIclimbthelookout?TheRiver-Merchant'sWife:ALetter(3)•Atsixteenyoudeparted,•YouwentintofarKu-to-yen,bytheriverofswirlingeddies,•Andyouhavebeengonefivemonths.•Themonkeysmakesorrowfulnoiseoverhead.•Youdraggedyourfeetwhenyouwentout.•Bythegatenow,themossisgrown,thedifferentmosses,•Toodeeptoclearthemaway!•Theleavesfallearlythisautumn,inwind.•ThepairedbutterfliesarealreadyyellowwithAugustTheRiver-Merchant'sWife:ALetter(4)•OverthegrassintheWestgarden;•Theyhurtme.Igrowolder.•IfyouarecomingdownthroughthenarrowsoftheriverKiang,•Pleaseletmeknowbeforehand,•AndIwillcomeouttomeetyou•AsfarasCho-fu-Sa.•ByRihaku美国俳句诗人俳句选Sunbehindthehillsthefishermanshipshisoaranddriftsintoshore__NickAvis美国俳句诗人俳句选Lily:outofthewater…outofitself__NickVirgilioogrfrogf__MarleneMountain儒兹·亚罗（RuthYarrow）hotrockbythestreameachofthebaby’stoeprintsevaporating.（小溪岩石上，孩子留下湿脚印，蒸发无处寻。）ArchibaldMacLeish(1892-1982)ArsPoeticaBYARCHIBALDMACLEISHApoemshouldbepalpableandmuteAsaglobedfruit,DumbAsoldmedallionstothethumb,Silentasthesleeve-wornstoneOfcasementledgeswherethemosshasgrown—ApoemshouldbewordlessAstheflightofbirds.ArsPoetica*ApoemshouldbemotionlessintimeAsthemoonclimbs,Leaving,asthemoonreleasesTwigbytwigthenight-entangledtrees,Leaving,asthemoonbehindthewinterleaves,Memorybymemorythemind—ApoemshouldbemotionlessintimeAsthemoonclimbs.ArsPoetica(3)*Apoemshouldbeequalto:Nottrue.ForallthehistoryofgriefAnemptydoorwayandamapleleaf.ForloveTheleaninggrassesandtwolightsabovethesea—ApoemshouldnotmeanButbe.阿齐波德•麦克利许的《诗艺》诗应当摸得着，却不会说，好像圆圆的水果。无语默默，好像拇指把旧奖章抚摸。不作声，象窗台的石栏，被衣袖磨平，长满苔藓－－诗艺诗应当不置一词，好像鸟飞。＊＊＊诗应当乍一看纹丝不动好像月亮爬上天空。脱身飞出，好像月亮一枝枝解开缠绕着夜色的树。脱身飞出，好像冬夜树叶后的明月诗艺抛开一段又一段的记忆－－诗应当乍一看纹丝不动好像月亮爬上天空。＊＊＊诗应当确实等于：不仅仅真实。代替悲哀历史的诗艺是空荡的门口，是一叶红枫。代替爱情的是芳草欠身是日月临海－－诗不应隐有所指，应当直接就是。－－ArchibaldMacleish(1892-1982)CarlSandburg(1878-1967)Fogfogcomesonlittlecatfeet.Itsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.