南方文艺复兴.福克纳

TheSouthernRenaissance&.WilliamFaulkner南方文艺复兴&.福克纳TheSouthernRenaissancehistoricallysignificantconflictbetweennorthandsouthgapincultureandwayofthinkingTooktheirrootintheSouthtoseekuniversalitykeptthecontinuityofthesouthernthemeandremindedtheworldoftheexistenceofsouthmadethesouthernliteraryrenaissanceafactofhistoryImportantsouthernwritersEllenGlasgow,Virginia,BarrenGroundKatherineAnnePorter,shipofFoolsFlanneryO’Connor,AGoodManisHardtoFindWilliamFaulknerWilliamFaulkner(1897-1962)I.LifeandMajorWorksborninMississippi,raisedinOxfordastheoldestoffoursonsofanold-linesouthernfamilydroppedoutofhighschoolin1915joinedtheRoyalCanadianAirForceintheWorldWarIbackhomeinOxford,admittedtotheUniversityofMississippibutsoonquitschooltowritein1949,theNobelPrizeinliteratureworks19novelsand3volumesofshortstoriesMasterpieces:TheSoundandtheFury,LightinAugust,Absalom,Absalom!GoDown,MosesTheMarbleFaun(collectionofpoems)《玉石雕像》1924Soldier'sPay《士兵的报酬》1926Sartoris《沙特里斯》1929TheSoundandtheFury1929《喧嚣与愤怒》AsILayDying《我弥留之际》1930MoreYoknapatawphacountrystoriesLightinAugust《八月之光》1932Absalom,Absalom!《押沙龙，押沙龙！》1936Sanctuary《圣殿》1931GoDown,Moses《去吧，摩西》1942YoknapatawphaSagathemythicalYoknapatawphaCountyisbasedonOxford,theplacewherehewasraised.[p.232]Theme:thespiritualdeteriorationwhichcharacterizesmodernlifestemsfromthelossofloveandwantofemotionalresponse.ReadingTheSoundandFury“lifeisatale/toldbyaidiot/fullofsoundandfury/signifyingnothing”Macbeth’ssoliloquy,actVanaccountofthetragicdownfalloftheCompsonfamilyfourdifferentnarrativevoices;afragmentedplottoldfrommultiplepointsofviewcharactersJasonCompsonIIIfatheroftheCompsonfamily,alawyerwhoattendedtheUniversityoftheSouth—anihilisticthinkerandalcoholic,withcynicalopinionsthattormenthisson,Quentin.HealsonarratesseveralchaptersofAbsalom,Absalom!.CarolineBascombCompsonwifeofJasonCompsonIII—aself-absorbedneuroticwhohasnevershownaffectionforanyofherchildrenexceptJason,whomsheseemstolikeonlybecausehetakesafterhersideofthefamily.Inheroldageshehasbecomeanabusivehypochondriac.QuentinCompsonIIItheoldestCompsonchild—passionateandneurotic,hecommitssuicideasthetragicculminationofthedamaginginfluenceofhisfather'snihilisticphilosophyandhisinabilitytocopewithhissister'ssexualpromiscuity.HeisalsoacharacterinAbsalom,Absalom!.CandaceCaddyCompsonthesecondCompsonchild,strong-willedyetcaring.Benjy'sonlyrealcaregiverandQuentin'sbestfriend.AccordingtoFaulkner,thetrueheroofthenovel.Caddyneverdevelopsavoice,butratherallowsherbrothers'emotionstowardshertodevelophercharacter.JasonCompsonIVthebitter,racistthirdchildwhoistroubledbymonetarydebtandsexualfrustration.HeworksatafarminggoodsstoreownedbyamannamedEarlandbecomesheadofthehouseholdin1912.HasbeenembezzlingMissQuentin'ssupportpaymentsforyears.Benjamin(Benjy,bornMaury)Compsonthementallyretardedfourthchild,whoisaconstantsourceofshameandgriefforhisfamily,especiallyhismother,whoinsistedonhisnamechangetoBenjamin.Caddyistheonlyfamilymemberwhoshowsanygenuinelovetowardshim.Hasanalmostanimal-likesixthsenseaboutpeople,ashewasabletotellthatCaddyhadlosthervirginityjustfromhersmell.DilseyGibsonthematriarchoftheservantfamily,whichincludesherthreechildren—Versh,Frony,andT.P.—andhergrandchildLuster(Frony'sson);theyserveasBenjamin'scaretakersthroughouthislife.AnobserveroftheCompsonfamily'sdestruction.MissQuentinCompson(1911?–?)—daughterofCaddywhogoestolivewiththeCompsonsunderJasonIV'scarewhenHerbertdivorcesCaddy.Sheisverywildandeventuallyrunsawayfromhome.OftenreferredtoasQuentinIIorMissQuentinbyreaderstodistinguishherfromheruncle,forwhomshewasnamed.sectionsPart1:April7,1928ThefirstsectionofthenovelisnarratedbyBenjaminBenjyCompson;theonlycharacterswhoevidenceagenuinecareforhimareCaddy,hisoldersister;andDilsey,amatriarchalservant.Hisnarrativevoiceischaracterizedpredominantlybyitsnonlinearity:spanningtheperiod1898–1928,Benjy'snarrativeisapasticheofeventspresentedinaseamlessstreamofconsciousness.ThepresenceofitalicsinBenjy'ssectionismeanttoindicatesignificantshiftsinthenarrative.OriginallyFaulknermeanttousedifferentcoloredinkstosignifychronologicalbreaks.Thisnonlinearitymakesthestyleofthissectionparticularlychallenging,butBenjy'sstyledevelopsacadencethat,whilenotchronologicallycoherent,providesunbiasedinsightintomanycharacters'truemotivations.Moreover,Benjy'scaretakerchangestoindicatethetimeperiod:Lusterinthepresent,T.P.inBenjy'steenageyears,andVershduringBenjy'sinfancyandchildhood.InthissectionweseeBenjy'sthreepassions:fire,thegolfcourseonlandthatusedtobelongtotheCompsonfamily,andhissisterCaddy.Butby1928CaddyhasbeenbanishedfromtheCompsonhomeafterherhusbanddivorcedherbecauseherchildwasnothis,andthefamilyhassoldhisfavoritepasturetoalocalgolfclubinordertofinanceQuentin'sHarvardeducation.Intheopeningscene,Benjy,accompaniedbyLuster,aservantboy,watchesgolfersonthenearbygolfcourseashewaitstohearthemcallcaddie—thenameofhisfavoritesibling.Whenoneofthemcallsforhisgolfcaddie,Benjy'smindembarksonawhirlwindcourseofmemoriesofhissister,Caddy,focusingononecriticalscene.In