【初中英语语法名词PPT课件

同学们:加油！！！英语语法－词性详解一－名词★一、什么是“名词”及名词的分类★二、可数名词变复数的规则★三、不可数名词★四、名词所有格★五、练习１、典型例题分析２、练习（１）（２）（３）(4)(1)(2)名词:表示一类事物名称的词。类别用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体Pen,student,desk集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体School,family,class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物Tea,water,paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Work,time,news专有名词某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称Marx,Shanghai,china,TheGreatWall,Party返回1.规则变化2.不规则变化1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars2、以s，x，sh,ch结尾的加-es;如：dish-dishes3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加-es;如：baby-babies,family-families4、以f,fe结尾的名词，通常要变f或fe为v,再加-es;如:leaf-leaves,wife---wives,life---lives,thief---thieves;注:belief---beliefs（信心）,roof---roofs（屋顶）,safe---safes（保险箱）,gulf---gulfs（海湾）则直接加s5、以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo-kilos,radio—radios,zoo—zoos；b.加es，如：potato—potatoes，tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes(英雄)①改变部分字母：woman-women妇女，man-men男人，policeman-polimen警察child-children孩子，mouse-mice老鼠,foot-feet脚,tooth-teeth牙,②单、复数同形：yuan元,people人、人民,Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人,sheep绵羊,deer,fish,③关于“国人”的复数：中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦：Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人;澳、加（真）美:Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans返回不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：①液体类(water)：juice(果法),tea（茶）,soup（汤）,milk（牛奶）,cola（可乐）,coffee（咖啡）,②肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）③粉末类：bread（面包）,④抽象名词类：news（新闻，消息）,information（消息）,money（钱）,advice（建意）,friendship（友谊）,work（工作）,homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助）,fun（乐趣）,health（健康）,price（价格）⑤食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜）,rice（大米，米饭）,porridge（粥),junkfood（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力）,tofu（豆腐）不可数名词计量的表达:①个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条）,②容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,③类别单位词：kind(种、类)④度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)返回名词所有格：表示“（某人）的”:①一般在名词后加’s构成。如：Jim’smother吉姆的妈妈Myteacher’sdesk我老师的桌子thedog’sname那狗的名字②若以S结尾词，则在S后加’.如：theboys’那些男孩的。③表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后加。如：LucyandLily’smother。Lucy和Lily的妈妈（两人是姐妹）④表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个都加。如：Lucy’sandLily’smothers.Lucy的妈妈和Lily的妈妈（两人不是姐妹）⑤一般用...of...结构来表示无生命的名词所有格：如：thedooroftheroom房间的门amapofChina一张中国地图thephotosofmysister我妹妹的照片⑥双重所有格，例：afriendofmyfather’s,aclassmateofmine返回[典型题例分析]例1下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：1．A.ChineseB.FrenchmenC.EnglishmenD.Germen2.A.tomatoesB.photosC.radioesD.potatoes3.A.desksB.AmericansC.friendsD.breads4.A.storiesB.familiesC.playsD.keies5.A.leavesB.knivesC.roovesD.shelves6.A.clothesB.monthesC.mouthsD.fifths返回例2判断下列文哪句译正确：多好的消息啊！A.Whatagoodnewsitis!B.Whatgoodnewsitis!例3单项选择Whatyouneedismore——.Don’talwaysdoyour——atyourdesk.A.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exersisesC.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises例4单项选择Allthe——teachersand——studentsarehavingaparty.A.women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlsD.woman;girl例5改错Mytrousersaretoolong,buthersistooshort.返回例6用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：Idon’tthinkmaths——(be)easy.例7单项选择：Mabelgaveme——.A.twobreadB.somebreadsC.apiecebreadD.twopiecesofbread例8改错：ShallIwaitforyouattheschool’sgateatfivethisafter-noon?例9单项选择：——motherisaworker.A.MaryandMike’sB.Mary’sandMike’sC.Mary’saneMikeD.MaryandMike返回例10单项选择：1.Aftertheexams,weshallhave——holiday.A.twomonthsB.two-monthC.atwo–monthD.atwomonths2.MrSmithis——.A.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishwomanD.Englishmen3.WangLeiwasborninWuhan,butGuangzhouhasbecomehersecond——.AfamilyB.homeC.houseD.country4.MostEnglistpeople’sfamilynamecomes——A.firstB.middleC.lastD.together5.Thereisa——overtheriver.A.shipB.boatC.bridgeD.village例13改错You’dbetterhavewalkaftersupper.返回Ⅰ用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1．Thetwogirlsare(Japan).2.The(baby)areasleep.3.Doyouknowthetwo(manteacher)?4.The(child)arewashingtheir(foot).5.Therearetwo(people)andlotsof(sheep)inthefields.6.September10is(teacher)Day.7.Ithinkphysics(be)moreinterestingthanmaths.8.Don’tyouthinkthe(radio)aretoonoisy?9.Whose(knife)arethese?10.“Whosehouseisthis?”“It’sthe(Smith)”.返回Ⅱ单项选择：1.Theboydroppedtheandbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup2.Intime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees,too.A.fewyearsB.afewyears’C.afewyearD.afewyear’s3.Grannyisbadlyill.Wehavetotakehertothe.A.farmB.postofficeC.shipD.hospital4.Ihavetotellyou.A.anewsB.manynewsC.agoodpieceofnewsD.manynewses5.aresoldinthatshop.A.Men’sandchildren’sshoesB.Men’sandchild’sshoesC.Men’sandchildrenshoesD.Manandchildshoes6.Ifanyonecomestoseeme,askhimtoleavea.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice7.MissSmithisafriendof.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.Mother’sofMary.8.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller.A.pieceB.kindC.copyD.pair9.It’smydog.A.sisterLily’sB.sister’sLily’sC.sisterLilyD.sister’sLily10.ShehadbeautifulblackbutIcouldseesomewhite.A.hair;hairB.hairs;hairsC.hair;hairsD.hairs;hair返回名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：a