情态动词(语法讲义)

语法讲义之情态动词modalverbs1.--IsJohncomingbytrain?--Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(2002高考题）A.mustB.canC.needD.may2.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2002上海高考题）A.canB.willC.mayD.shall3.--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.(2002北京高考题）--It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe情态动词表示推测不表示推测cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughttohavetodare(daren’t)need(needn’t)usedtoIdaren’taskherforarise.我不敢请求她加薪.Howdidyoudaretotellherthat?Iwonderwhetherhedarestandupinpublic.Idon’tknowhowshedarestowearthatdress.Doyouneedanyhelp?Iwonderwhetherheneedsenditimmediately.Ineedhardlytellyouthattheworkisdangerous.Thegardendoesn’tneedwateringatthemoment.Youneedn’tfinishthatworktoday.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词.needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing判断正误:Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.注意对need问句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetoneedn’t对其它情态动词的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.needn’t(don’thaveto)needn’t(don’thaveto)表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.1.YoumustbeMrSmith----Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.2.Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted.3.Wemayhavereadthesamereport.4.Hecan’thavesleptthroughallthatnoise.5.There’ssomeoneoutside----whocanitbe?6.Whatcantheybedoing?7.Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.8.Youcouldberight,Isuppose.表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测must对将来对现在对过去情态动词may,mightcan’t,couldn’tcan,could+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing1.Idon'tknowwheresheis,she_______beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher________________ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It________________lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother______________________foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。maymustbemarkingmusthaverainedmusthavebeenlooking5.Philip________________________seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.---Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.---She_____________________(go)bybus.7.Mike________________hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。may(might)havebeenhurtmay(might)havegonecan’thavefound高考考题:1.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?I____it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost3.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeenBDB4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.----It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen5.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack___behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.couldDD请把下列词语组合成句:1.___________________________________,(play,interesting,must,be,new,the)forthedirectorissofamous.2.Seehowhappyheistoday!_______________________________________.(failed,he,can’t,in,the,have,exam)3.Peterisn’tintheclassroom.__________________________________________.(may,playing,he,with,be,his,basketball,friends)ThenewplaymustbeinterestingHecan’thavefailedintheexamHemaybeplayingbasketballwithhisfriends不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：Heisathome.(事实)Hemustbeathome.（非常肯定的推断）Hecouldbeathome.（很可能）Heoughttobeathome.（很可能）Hemaybeathome.（仅仅可能而已）Hemightbeathome.（或许,非常不确定）Hemightnotbeathome.（也许不在家）Hemaynotbeathome.（比might可能）Hecouldn’tbeathome.（很可能不在家）Hecan’tbeathome.（一定不在家）Heisn'tathome.（事实）在不表示推测的情态动词中,我们要注意以下考点:1.表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。2.表示否定的情态动词的用法。3.shall和will的多种意义的区别。4.情态动词短语的使用。5.虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。表示能力:can,could,beableto*beableto能用于各种时态。can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力。*was/wereableto:“设法做成某事”相当于managedtodosth.succeededindoingsth.。1.表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。1.Acomputer______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoAD3.Theywill______runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto4.Thatbigcinema______seat2,000people.A.canB.shouldC.oughttoD.isabletoDA表示许可:may/might,can/could*might,could比较委婉,一般多用于疑问句.*can,may表达的语言比较随便.*在以could,might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can,may.5.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should6.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.canCA2.表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。mustn’t不准,禁止needn’t没必要(=don’thaveto)can’t不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto)7.You______returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot8.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.ca